Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) is capable of inheriting cloud and Internet of Things (IoT) resources to the brim of the computational and communication networks. Conservatively, the MEC is outsourced from the IoT/ cloud platforms to Maximize the workflow and task completion abilities. However, due to outsourcing features, the security requirements for workflow scheduling and task completion rely on trusted device selection and high normalization. To satisfy these security demands, this article introduces a secure workflow scheduling algorithm using the knowledge learning concept. The proposed algorithm verifies the operative and failing device features under diverse allocation parameters. Based on the workflow completion lag, new scheduling or offloading decisions are Made. The decision support is provided by the knowledge learning is retains the previous operational status of the edge devices through stage-based updates. The stages for scheduling, classification, and offloading are updated periodically to Maximize the device selection and to reduce overhead in the process. Thus the consolidated process is adaptable to scheduling, offloading, and workflow completion regardless of the devices, allocation time, and device selection processes. This proposed algorithm is reliable in improving the normalized security by 14.17% by reducing the device selection overhead by 12.82% for the maximum allocation rates.

Abstract Mobile networks are expanding quickly as a result of significant advancements in wireless technologies and solutions, especially with the recent introduction of the Fifth Generation New Radio. The growth in mobile networks requires the installation of massive numbers of base stations that bring concerns about increasing overall electromagnetic field (EMF) radiation exposure levels. The International Commission on Non‐Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) has published guidelines that have been adopted by many regulators in many countries to control the overall radiation emitted from EMF transmitters. This paper studies the compliance boundary for a single site operating with multiple technologies including from the second generation (2G) to 5G colocated in the same site. The analysis is performed using a typical site configuration setup for the boundary calculations in the form of the Compliance Distance (CD). The calculation uses the power reduction factor and system load for more realistic results, and in situ measurements are conducted to validate the calculation's formula. The study also investigated the CD for four types of sites, macro, micro, small cell, and indoor sites. Additionally, the study analyzed the power densities (PDs) and total exposure ratio (TER) for the general public and occupational workers at each site. The results show that CD has shorter distances when the power factor is considered, and 5G makes the highest contribution to the TER at the CD in the main directions of the antenna.

Abstract Automated examination of biomedical signals plays a vital role to diagnose diseases and offers useful data to several applications in the areas of physiology, sports medicine, and human–computer interface. The latest advancements in Artificial Intelligence (AI) have the ability to manage and analyse enormous biomedical datasets resulting in clinical decision making and real time applications. At the same time, Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most deadly disease affecting people over the globe. The utilization of AI techniques for the earlier identification of CRC has gained significant interest among the research communities. Therefore, this paper presents a novel AI based fusion model for CRC disease diagnosis and classification, named AIFM‐CRC. The presented AIFM‐CRC model primarily undergoes Gaussian filtering based noise removal and contrast enhancement as a preprocessing stage. In addition, a fusion based feature extraction process takes place where the SIFT based handcrafted features and Inception v4 based deep features are fused together. Besides, whale optimization algorithm tuned deep support vector machine model is employed as a classification technique to determine the existence of CRC. In order to highlight the proficient results analysis of the AIFM‐CRC model, a comprehensive simulation analysis takes place. The resultant experimental values pointed out the betterment of the AIFM‐CRC model by accomplishing a maximum accuracy of 96.18%.

Abstract The Internet of Vehicles (IoV) and Vehicle‐to‐Everything (V2X) concept have emerged from IoT technology, which refers to connecting many vehicles with various applications to the internet. The 5G new radio is based on a cloud‐radio access network (CRAN), considered as the communication infrastructure for IoV. However, due to the significant challenges and issues, researchers have been working on IoV and V2X. One of the main challenges for V2X is resource allocation and management for a high‐speed vehicular environment. This paper discusses and provides complete detail for resource allocation and management for IoV over 5G RAN networks focusing on artificial intelligence techniques. The paper also presented reviews on integrating the multi‐layers of vehicular network architecture with AI strategy to identify advancement and future directions for resource allocation and management issues.

Abstract The recent advancements of Internet of Things (IoT) embedded systems, wireless networks, and biosensors those have assisted in the rapid development of implanting wearable sensors are reviewed here. The applications of the internet of medical things (IoMT) that has gained major attention as an ecosystem of connected clinical systems, computing systems, and medical sensors geared towards improving the quality of healthcare services are also reviewed here. The 5G based AI technology can revolute the perception of healthcare and lifestyle. In light of the importance of IoT platforms and 5G networks, the purpose of this proposed research work is to identify threats that could undermine the integrity, privacy, and security of IoMT systems. Also, the novel blockchain‐based approaches that can help in improving the confidentiality of IoMT network. It has been discovered that IoMT is vulnerable to various types of attacks, including denial of service (DoS), malware, and eavesdropping attack. In addition, IoMT is exposed to various vulnerabilities, such as security, privacy, and confidentiality. Despite multiple security threats, there are novel cryptographic techniques, such as access control, identity authentication, and data encryption that can help in improving the security and reliability of IoMT devices.

Abstract Fifth Generation (5G) is the final generation in mobile communications, with minimum latency, high data throughput, and extra coverage. The 5G network must guarantee very good security and privacy levels for all users for these features. Therefore, researchers have deliberated the privacy and security solution of 5G users. The 5G wireless network offers a futuristic concept that helps to solve challenges affecting previous communications generations. The key concern to many scholars in the field of mobile networking is user privacy, which is long‐term subscription identifier as International Mobiles Subscribers Identifiers (IMSIs) and short‐term subscription identifier as Temporary Mobiles Subscribers Identifiers and Cell‐Radio Networks Temporary Identifiers (TMSIs and C‐RNTIs), which are used for permanent identifying, paging, and location update. This article investigates the existing literature survey about user privacy for 5G networks, which continues the identity and location privacy. Also, it discusses most of the studies that handle user identifications in authentication, paging, and location update. This article discusses the various privacy issues in the 5G network that use IMSI in clear text or temporary identities such as TMSI & C‐RNTI with IMSI to disclose user identity privacy. This article also investigates the existing literature on user identity and location privacy and highlights the key parameters, issues, challenges, and future recommendations with potential solutions.

Emerging 5G network cellular promotes key empowering techniques for pervasive IoT. Evolving 5G‐IoT scenarios and basic services like reality augmented, high dense streaming of videos, unmanned vehicles, e‐health, and intelligent environments services have a pervasive existence now. These services generate heavy loads and need high capacity, bandwidth, data rate, throughput, and low latency. Taking all these requirements into consideration, internet of things (IoT) networks have provided global transformation in the context of big data innovation and bring many problematic issues in terms of uplink and downlink (DL) connectivity and traffic load. These comprise coordinated multipoint processing (CoMP), carriers’ aggregation (CA), joint transmissions (JTs), massive multi‐inputs multi‐outputs (MIMO), machine‐type communications, centralized radios access networks (CRAN), and many others. CoMP is one of the most significant technical enhancements added to release 11 that can be implemented in heterogonous networks implementation approaches and the homogenous networks’ topologies. However, in a massive 5G‐IoT device scenario with heavy traffic load, most cell edge IoT users are severely suffering from intercell interference (ICI), where the users have poor signal, lower data rates, and limited QoS. This work is aimed at addressing this problematic issue by proposing two types of DL‐JT‐CoMP techniques in 5G‐IoT that are compliant with release 18. Downlink JT‐CoMP with two homogeneous network CoMP deployment scenarios is considered and evaluated. The scenarios used are IoT intrasite and intersite CoMP, which performance evaluated using downlink system‐level simulator for long‐term evolution‐advanced (LTE‐A) and 5G. Numerical simulation scenarios were results under high dense scenario—with IoT heavy traffic load which shows that intersite CoMP has better empirical cumulative distribution function (ECDF) of average UE throughput than intrasite CoMP approximately 4%, inter‐site CoMP has better ECDF of average user entity (UE) spectral efficiency than intrasite CoMP almost 10%, and intersite CoMP has approximately same ECDF of average signal interference noise ratio (SINR) as intrasite CoMP and intersite CoMP has better fairness index than intrasite CoMP by 5%. The fairness index decreases when the users’ number increase since the competition among users is higher.

The 5G is expected to make great change for Mobile network and technology in the coming years. there is extensive discussion about the electromagnetic radiation that the 5G will contribute and its impact to the human and other technologies. The aggressive deployment of the technology associated with the new massive Internet of Things (IoT) devices, all are indicator to the great electromagnetic radiation and exposure that 5G may cause. This problem considered as a challenge constrain for deployment of massive 5G base stations especially in residential areas. This paper reviews the recent works on the Electromagnetic Fields (EMF) radiation assessment for 5G base stations (BS) on human evaluation and analysis from different perspectives. The review covers the international standard exposure limits adopted by some of the regulatory bodies. The reviewed cases are classified into two main categories, assessment based on model simulation, and on field measurement, where both categories have the same objective to assess and evaluate the EMF radiation exposure from BSs.

Recently, interest in Internet of Vehicles’ (IoV) technologies has significantly emerged due to the substantial development in the smart automobile industries. Internet of Vehicles’ technology enables vehicles to communicate with public networks and interact with the surrounding environment. It also allows vehicles to exchange and collect information about other vehicles and roads. IoV is introduced to enhance road users’ experience by reducing road congestion, improving traffic management, and ensuring the road safety. The promised applications of smart vehicles and IoV systems face many challenges, such as big data collection in IoV and distribution to attractive vehicles and humans. Another challenge is achieving fast and efficient communication between many different vehicles and smart devices called Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X). One of the vital questions that the researchers need to address is how to effectively handle the privacy of large groups of data and vehicles in IoV systems. Artificial Intelligence technology offers many smart solutions that may help IoV networks address all these questions and issues. Machine learning (ML) is one of the highest efficient AI tools that have been extensively used to resolve all mentioned problematic issues. For example, ML can be used to avoid road accidents by analyzing the driving behavior and environment by sensing data of the surrounding environment. Machine learning mechanisms are characterized by the time change and are critical to channel modeling in-vehicle network scenarios. This paper aims to provide theoretical foundations for machine learning and the leading models and algorithms to resolve IoV applications’ challenges. This paper has conducted a critical review with analytical modeling for offloading mobile edge-computing decisions based on machine learning and Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) approaches for the Internet of Vehicles (IoV). The paper has assumed a Secure IoV edge-computing offloading model with various data processing and traffic flow. The proposed analytical model considers the Markov decision process (MDP) and ML in offloading the decision process of different task flows of the IoV network control cycle. In the paper, we focused on buffer and energy aware in ML-enabled Quality of Experience (QoE) optimization, where many recent related research and methods were analyzed, compared, and discussed. The IoV edge computing and fog-based identity authentication and security mechanism were presented as well. Finally, future directions and potential solutions for secure ML IoV and V2X were highlighted.