Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) is an advanced technology designed for real-time Ethernet communications, providing extremely low latency, minimal jitter, and lossless data transfer for time-sensitive critical traffic. Despite its benefits, TSN faces challenges with volatile traffic, where the time between frames constantly changes, leading to potential network performance issues. To tackle this issue, this paper introduces Hebo, a novel solution designed for zero frame loss and minimal latency of volatile traffic. Hebo employs a centralized controller, built with field-programmable gate array (FPGA), to dynamically plan the timing of volatile traffic in real-time. This approach ensures real-time data transmission across the network by efficiently allocating network resources. Our real-world and simulation experiments show that Hebo could significantly improve network performance, achieving less than 100 microseconds in end-to-end delay and eliminating nearly all frame loss (reducing it from approximately 80% to zero) in industrial automation scenarios.

The development of intelligent networked vehicles has put forward the requirements of high bandwidth, high real-time and high reliability for automotive network communication. Time sensitive network has become an important research content of vehicle Ethernet because of its high-precision synchronization, deterministic delay, redundant communication and other characteristics. This paper proposes an instruction delay time model in vehicle-mounted scenarios, and based on OMNeT++ simulation platform and improved CoRE4INET framework, combined with vehicle-mounted network traffic scenarios, designs network topology and simulation traffic, simulates and analyzes the performance of Cyclic Queuing and Forwarding (CQF) mechanism, and compares it with Time Aware Shaper (TAS) mechanism. The simulation results show that compared with Time Aware Shaper mechanism, the Cyclic Queuing and Forwarding mechanism has better performance for aperiodic messages in the vehicle-based scenario designed in this paper, and can effectively reduce the end-to-end delay of messages.

Time-sensitive networking (TSN) will be widely used in automotive industry and industrial automation because it can provide deterministic transmission. Most of the TSN traffic shaping mechanisms rely on clock synchronization between different devices in the network. However, time-delay attacks (TDAs) can interfere with synchronization, which further reduces traffic transmission quality. Although some studies have proposed detection strategies against TDAs, they are oriented to traditional ethernet and restricted by network architecture and devices. Therefore, this paper first analyzes the impact of TDAs on traffic transmission quality under different combinations of Time-Aware Shaper (TAS) or Cyclic Queue Forwarding (CQF) with link redundancy. Then, this paper provides a distributed monitoring parameter using Per-Stream Filtering and Policing (PSFP) for the detection and localization of TDAs, in which a modified token bucket mechanism is applied. Finally, the paper models the application of TSN in automotive industry for verification and further evaluates the effectiveness of this parameter through simulation. The results show that TDAs can cause undesirable variations in traffic latency under TAS and CQF. While proper parameter configuration and link redundancy can mitigate the impact of TDAs, they cannot prevent them. Besides, the proposed parameter helps detect and locate TDAs in TSN effectively.