This paper introduces the Next-Generation Mobile Hotspot (NGMHS), a breakthrough solution for optimizing 5G mobile hotspot performance through intelligent, AI-powered traffic management and user-focused controls. Leveraging extended Berkeley Packet Filter (eBPF) technology, NGMHS efficiently monitors per-client traffic, reducing processing overhead while providing precise real-time control. Central to NGMHS is the AI-based Network Service Detector (NSD+), which dynamically prioritizes real-time traffic, significantly enhancing video call bitrates and reducing latency for gaming applications. Our evaluations on the Samsung A54 and Galaxy S24 devices demonstrate marked improvements in user experience, with innovations such as privacy-focused OTP user-profiles and granular traffic insights. NGMHS represents a pioneering step forward in 5G connectivity, offering a seamless, secure, and highly customizable mobile hotspot experience. NGMHS is successfully deployed across Samsung's A, M, S, Fold, and Flip series models, where increased user engagement and consistent performance improvements have been observed post-deployment.

In this paper, we propose a safe motion planning protocol that integrates a distributed cyclic delay diversity (dCDD) system for indoor environments with static obstacles. In addition to collision avoidance, an additional goal of jointly minimizing energy consumption to control dynamic movements of an unmanned autonomous ground vehicle (AGV) and maximizing spectral efficiency (SE) achieved by a set of distributed remote radio heads is investigated in the framework of reinforcement learning (RL). There are several challenges, such as a lack of knowledge about the environment and nonexistent feasible mathematical analysis to utilize the distribution of the sum of the receive signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) over the energy conscious motion planning. Thus, in this paper, we propose a model-free and off-policy soft actor critic (SAC) algorithm to learn and determine optimal actions for the AGV to reach its target with the following three objectives: i) achieving the safe motion planning that avoids collision with the static obstacles, ii) minimizing the control energy consumption, and iii) maximizing SE. Simulation results verify that these three objectives can be achieved efficiently and effectively by the proposed integrated SAC-based safe motion planning and dCDD system.

Urban-rural integration (URI) is a complex system engineering problem involving the interaction of multiple aspects of population-land-industry. Identifying the driving mechanisms of the drivers of urban-rural integration development is crucial for predicting the future trends of urban-rural integration and identifying the key promotion paths. In this study, 27 representative factors were synthetically identified using literature research and expert interview methods. Then, the explanatory structural model (ISM) is combined with the Impact Matrix Cross-Reference Multiplication Applied to a Classification (MICMAC), which can be used to analyze and model the complex relationships and interactions in URI systems, to establish integrated ISM- MICMAC model. The model was applied to quantify the causal driving relationships among factors and to develop a multilevel recursive structural model for understanding the underlying mechanisms. The analysis revealed that all 27 drivers can be classified into seven layers. Four source factors such as land use planning and policies, three outcome factors such as urban and rural residents' income, and 20 process factors such as population size are included. And accordingly, corresponding suggestions are made for the government. This study contributes to the advancement of theoretical and model development in understanding the driving mechanism of urban-rural integration. Moreover, it provides valuable insights for policymakers in formulating evidence-based development strategies.

Comprehensive land consolidation (CLC) is a more integrated and sustainable land management model that can better meet the requirements of socio-economic development and ecological environmental protection. However, CLC involves multiple fields, stakeholders, and complex socio-economic environments, which make it challenging to grasp the main points and difficulties in understanding CLC, resulting in insufficient scientific and targeted work. Therefore, identifying the key influencing factors (KIFs) of CLC is crucial for its successful implementation. This study adopts a multivariate system theory perspective and identifies 43 factors that can be categorized into three groups: consolidation subject, consolidation element, and consolidation system and environment. Furthermore, the Hamming distance optimization traditional fuzzy best and worst method (FBWM) is introduced to identify eight KIFs, including A6 comprehensive quality of professionals, A7 importance of local government, B9 financial support, B18 land use planning, B20 comprehensive consolidation cost, C2 benefit distribution mechanism, C5 whole process supervision and control mechanism, and C8 multi-departmental coordination mechanism. This study provides a new theoretical framework and methodology for research on the influencing factors of CLC, and helps policy makers and decision makers understand the interrelationships and influences of different factors in the complex consolidation work, clarifying the management priorities for CLC implementation. This can lead to the formulation of more scientific and reasonable policies and measures to promote the sustainable use and comprehensive management of land resources. Moreover, the introduction of Hamming distance optimization to the traditional FBWM enhances the reliability and scientific rigor of the research results, and can serve as a reference for similar studies.

Facing the new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation, digital education represented by artificial intelligence has brought unprecedented opportunities and challenges to the reform of higher engineering education. ow to promote the deep integration of traditional characteristic and advantageous engineering majors with artificial intelligence is an important issue that commonly faced by higher education worldwide at present. Based on this, the factors influencing the integration of engineering majors with traditional characteristics and artificial intelligence are systematically analyzed. 5 primary influencing factors and 19 secondary influencing factors are identified through literature research and expert interviews, and the interaction relationship between the factors is analyzed by using structural equation model. The results indicate that the degree of influence on the integration of traditional characteristic and advantageous engineering majors and artificial intelligence is ranked from high to low in terms of curriculum system, faculty construction, practical teaching, educational positioning and quality assurance. Among which, teaching objectives, faculty structure, industry-university cooperation, research and education, professional orientation and teaching evaluation are the most important indicators corresponding to each first-level influencing factor, respectively. Based on the research results, countermeasure suggestions for promoting the integration of traditional characteristic and advantageous engineering majors with artificial intelligence are proposed from five aspects.

As an organic whole that consists of multiple links and subjects coupled and coordinated, the introduction of the platform economy with network synergy is of great significance to the upgrading of the agricultural industry chain, so it is important to investigate the key influencing factors (KIFs) of the platform economy to enhance the value of the whole agricultural industry chain. Through literature research, meta-analysis and expert interviews, this study identifies 34 initial influencing factors for the value enhancement of the whole agricultural industry chain enabled by the platform economy, and divides the initial influencing factors into three dimensions based on the general system theory idea, namely, industry chain link elements, industry chain participating subjects, and industry chain system and environment. After that, we constructed the key influencing factors identification model based on Fuzzy-AHP and Fuzzy-DEMATEL methods and finally identified seven key influencing factors, which are intelligent management of production, organization of agricultural production, digital literacy and skills of agricultural subjects, cooperation willingness and synergy ability of various subjects, rural digital infrastructure construction, agricultural data and information sharing system, and Legal regulations and policy support, and corresponding policy suggestions are put forward accordingly. This study not only enriches the theory of platform economy development in agriculture, but also provides management decision-makers with corresponding practical basis.

Understanding the game relationships and behaviors of stakeholders is the key to effectively promoting recycled resource management. The insights from past research are relatively limited and lack a holistic and comprehensive understanding to guide recycled resource management practice in China. To this end, this study systematically reviews and summarizes the stakeholder game relationships and behaviors in recycled resource management, based on which a systematic framework for analyzing stakeholder game relationships and behaviors in recycled resource management is proposed. To further explain this framework, cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses of the game relationships among and within stakeholder groups are conducted. The proposed systematic framework is a unification and deepening of existing research perspectives on stakeholder games in recycled resource management, and has more practical guidance for promoting recycled resource management in China.

Considering the complexity of the traditional media transformation, a multi-criteria evaluation index system based on transformation competency is proposed using grey relational analysis(GRA) is presented. This paper demonstrates the procedure of determining the grey incidence coefficients of the evaluation indexes, the weight of each index is identified by Coefficient of variation(CV). Then, by adopting the GRA method, each factor is evaluated using the grey relational matrix. The main purpose of this study is to identify key factors of transformation competency. The result of GRA suggests a preliminary list of significant factors on traditional media transformation. Based on this paper, a comprehensive evaluation of the traditional media transformation competence is obtained. This study provide the plausible variable candidates or a good reference for analyzing traditional media transformation in future researches.

This paper proposes a research framework for social impact assessment of the construction land reduction project, a unique brownfield redevelopment project in China. This paper explains the steps of analyzing the social impact assessment of the construction land reduction project, including the identification of the indicator dimension by the word frequency statistical method, the initial indicator system determined by the literature analysis method, the final indicator system obtained by the Delphi method screening, and the indicator weight determined by the entropy combination weight method, etc. Then a grey clustering model for social impact assessment of the construction land reduction project is established. Finally, a numerical example is applied to show feasibility of the framework. This research is expected to put forward suggestions and countermeasures for the implementation of similar projects through the social impact assessment of the construction land reduction project. And the assessment indicator system and evaluation model constructed in this paper can provide reference for the social impact evaluation of similar projects in the future.

A multilevel evaluation model integrating Triangular Fuzzy Numbers (TFNs), Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) and Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) was Proposed to evaluate Brownfield Redevelopment Projects (BRPs). Three schemes were proposed including 1: Housing Society, 2: Industrial Park 3: Commercial Development. Initially, primary indicators were identified through extensive literature review and Delphi method. Different linguistic scales were used to get expert opinions. In the first step, fuzzy index was converted to corresponding TFNs to determine the comparative sequence. At the second step, reference sequence was determined by following the principle of comparability. At third, index was converted into non-dimensionlize for easily comparison and comprehensive evaluation. At step 4, fuzzy Grey correlation coefficient was calculated with the help of comparative sequence and reference sequence. At step 5, using AHP, index weights were obtained which combines with grey correlation coefficient and leads to calculate overall fuzzy correlation degree for each alternative. Finally, The best alternative was chosen by adopting the sorting method of TFNs. It leads us towards making a decision, chossing the best alternative among all alternatives for redevelopment planning.

The BRPs require huge investment and have the characteristic of high public welfare. The lack of public participation in decision-making can easily cause the group events. To achieve the maximum public interest, this paper will introduce public participation into BRPs decision-making process. Using intuitionistic fuzzy evaluation, similarity degree method, cluster analysis establish the BRPs interactive decision-making model based on public participation. Finally, a numerical case is given to illustrate the feasibility of the model. The establishment of BRPs decision-making model with public participation has not been published in China. The paper can provide a certain theoretical guiding significance for public participation in BRPs.

This paper, considering the complexity of university internal governance effect and particularity of the university itself, aims to build a indicator system to evaluate university internal governance effect, using the Grey Multilayer Comprehensive Assessment Method to evaluate this indicator system, whilst applying the Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) and Entropy Evaluation Method to define the weight of the index, and the Grey correlation coefficient between cases to establish the evaluation matrix in order to achieve accuracy in the evaluation, and finally, to come up with measures and suggestions for improvement.

The expert selection is an important decision problem in the research and development process of complex product systems (CoPS) projects and suitable experts will facilitate the successful task achievement. Existing methods for the expert selection are mostly based on the individual performance, whereas the task characteristics of CoPS projects and the knowledge correlationship between candidates and CoPS projects are seldom considered. This paper generates a task-oriented method to select experts for CoPS projects in the background of aerospace engineering management. A fuzzy multi-stage approach for the knowledge correlationship measurement is proposed and furthermore an illustrative example is employed for the potential application of this method.

Grey-incidence decision making approach is proposed to deal with the implementation of brownfield redevelopment project in the remediated sites. The inspiration behind this approach is valuable, because it is suitable to use regardless of the sample size. Whether it is big or small, or whether the data fulfills a particular conventional distribution or not. Above and beyond that, what makes it convenient to use is, the amount of computation embraced is bite-sized and can be carried out classically without the difficulty between quantitative and qualitative conclusions. Thus, the government wants to clean up a brownfield sites and after remediating the contaminated sites the government has to select the best development proposal from three planning options, such as: Industrial park planning, Recreation center planning, and Real estate planning. To do so, the attributed weights are calculated step-by-step with the help of the software so called Grey System Theory Modeling Software 3.0 (GTMS 3.0). In this way the absolute degree of grey incidence is generated from the classic reference sequence and effect vector. Following this, quasi-classic effect vector and quasi-classic circumstance are obtained. Finally, the result leads us to make a decision in terms of producing the most ideal choice of development planning among the available alternatives of the development planning.

This paper constructs a GMCR (Graph Model for Conflict Resolution) model to analyze the financing dilemma existing in the brownfield remediation projects in China. In addition to the stability analysis, status quo and inverse analyses are conducted to obtain further managerial insights. The findings of this research are threefold. First, the local government should not redevelop the brownfield without remediation; otherwise, the situation will raise great public concerns, which may lead to severe conflicts among various stakeholders. Second, the cooperation between the local government and enterprises (developers and/or investors) is the most favorable state to successfully conduct the remediation. Third, in order to achieve the desired outcomes, an intervention party who can influence the decision makers' preference has to be intervened in the unsolved situations.

A comprehensive evaluation model of enterprise's partner selection on UIC is established by use of Analytical hierarchical process (AHP) and Grey Fuzzy Evaluation Method. The evaluation index system is built through literature review and expert interview, and then the weight of each index is determined by AHP and the reasonable conversion from qualitative to quantitative is acquired through the application of Grey Fuzzy Comprehensive Assessment Method, which enable to make the evaluation model scientific and reasonable. Additionally, an example of UIC partner selections is used to test the effective and applicable of proposed comprehensive evaluation model of UIC partner selection.

Based on the main mode of development and research status of aviation industry cluster, and the combined method of literature analysis and expert investigation, the grey-fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model for evaluation of maturity of aviation industry cluster is proposed. The evaluation index system and factors set of the proposed model are established and determined sequentially. After that, the index weight is determined by using Likert Scale questionnaire analysis. The established index system combined qualitative and quantitative indicators together, which is within the employment of Grey-fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. By taking Xi'an Yanliang aviation industry park as an example, the feasibility and practicability of the evaluation model was verified.

Modelica language is been developed to model complex product systems. However, Modelica Models usually are used to simulate the performance not optimize. Computational design methods are very important methods in design process of complex product systems, which is not included in Modelica based tool. In the paper, computational design method integrating design optimization and probabilistic analysis is discussed. The design related elements are analyzed. Then an XML-based method is presented to associate the computational design related elements with Modelica model in a generic way. This method introduces a separation between the model of the system and data related to the design of the product. In order to accomplish full system simulation and optimization involving several types of models and codes, the collaborative process model is presented to represent and execute a computational sequence. Finally, the example about an aircraft landing gear is given.

A framework for Identification of Risk Factors in Brownfield Redevelopment is proposed from the perspective of an empirical study. Firstly, the selection of the primary set of risk factors of brownfield redevelopment is put forth by the literature research and group decision methods. Then reliability and validity of the primary set of risk factors of brownfield redevelopment is approved by calculating the value of Cronbach's alpha and conducting the KMO (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin) and Bartlett ball test. Finally, the main risk factors of brownfield redevelopment are identified by carrying out factor analysis. The identified risk factors facilitate risk assessment and control.

This paper proposes an integrated system of motor die collaborative manufacturing, and develops a networked public service platform which offers better support for collaborative development and manufacturing of motor die, especially for small and medium sized enterprises, by taking full advantage of the quickly evolving computer network and information technologies. The architecture of the public service platform is presented and the function is designed. The platform is composed of several application service systems: collaborative customer service system, collaborative manufacturing service system, collaborative supply service system and specialized technology service system to promote the closer collaboration among enterprises in an industry chain of motor die. The workflow of the platform is described. Some key technology of the platform is researched. Finally, the implementation of the whole service platform framework with Web technology is introduced.

Constructing a scientific and rational experts selection system is an important constituent part in an electronic components verification system. Using experts database, conbined with experts selection, the paper proposes a framework of a target-oriented experts selection dynamic management system, which discriminates four key supporting technologies: the division of experts' fields, the division of experts' hierarchy, a dynamic management mechanism design of experts selection, and principles of an experts selection system. Then, the paper presents the specific research on these essential technologies by integrating the characteristics of the electronic components. In particular, it focuses on the research of the dynamic management mechanism of the experts selecting system. The key technologies given in the paper is a theoretical basis to build a experts selection dynamic management system with application in electronic components verification.

The preferences of different stakeholders of brownfield redevelopment project in China are analyzed by means of ANOVA. The results of ANOVA indicate that the different stakeholders have the same opinion on the importance of the four dimensions of Social and Economic, Financial and Accounting, Environmental and Health and Prospective Value, even though there are some different opinions on the importance of certain dimensions within certain groups of stakeholders. All these results have important value for policy-making.

Population ecology provides a new way of thinking on the theory of industrial clusters. By comparing ecosystems and industrial clusters, the ecological property and behavioral characteristics of industrial clusters are revealed. The generally formative process of industrial clustering is described from the perspectives of population competition and interdependence, and the driving-forces of industrial clustering formation are analyzed and identified in terms of internal conditions and the external environment on the basis of an expansive model of the logistic equation. A case of Sinos Valley of Brazil is given to show the process of the formation of industrial cluster from the perspective of population competition and interdependence.

An index system for the evaluation of the Brownfield redevelopment projects in China is proposed. This index system involves the four dimensions consisting of social and economic, financial and accounting, environmental and health, and prospective value. Each dimension includes some criteria. With the help of software SPSS, the reliability and satisfaction of the proposed index system are proven by calculating the value of Cronbach's alpha and doing a one sample t-test. Additionally, the driving forces of each dimension are identified by using multiple regression analysis.

In this paper, we propose a novel multi-code turbo decoder architecture for 4G wireless systems. To support various 4G standards, a configurable multi-mode MAP (maximum a posteriori) decoder is designed for both binary and duo-binary turbo codes with small resource overhead (less than 10%) compared to the single-mode architecture. To achieve high data rates in 4G, we present a parallel turbo decoder architecture with scalable parallelism tailored to the given throughput requirements. High-level parallelism is achieved by employing contention-free interleavers. Multi-banked memory structure and routing network among memories and MAP decoders are designed to operate at full speed with parallel interleavers. We designed a very low-complexity recursive on-line address generator supporting multiple interleaving patterns, which avoids the interleaver address memory. Design trade-offs in terms of area and power efficiency are explored to find the optimal architectures. A 711 Mbps data rate is feasible with 32 Radix-4 MAP decoders running at 200 MHz clock rate.

The recent research progress of project portfolio decision-making (PPDM) is reviewed, and the strengths and weaknesses of current approaches are discussed. Different research issues and methods are summarized into one general framework. To tackle the limitations and shortcomings of existing work, an ecology-based framework is proposed by applying ecology theories and methods into project portfolio decision-making. By analyzing the ecological-similar attributes of project portfolio decision-making, the feasibility of utilization of ecology theories and methods into project portfolio decision-making is investigated. Moreover, comparisons are made between the general framework and ecology-based framework. Detailed discussions on possible research issues and methods using ecology-based concepts for project portfolio decision-making are presented.

A research framework based on project evaluation theories and methods is designed for tackling brownfield problems in China. The proposed framework illustrates the steps for investigation of various issues of brownfields in China including the analysis and summary of the current research situation and achievements of brownfield redevelopment activities in China; the construction of an ecosystem-oriented, stakeholder-based full life span integrated evaluation criterion system; and the establishment of a soft evaluation and decision system for brownfield redevelopment project. A Grey Theory-based Grey AHP evaluation model is also proposed to show how a soft evaluation and decision model works in a brownfield redevelopment project evaluation. The proposed framework can give guidance to systematically solving brownfield problems in China.

Low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes have been adopted in the physical layer protocol of many communication systems because of their superior performance. A direct implementation of the LDPC decoder on an existing platform, such as a software defined radio (SDR), is likely to be inefficient. Our approach is to design the LDPC code in a way that takes into account the constraints imposed by the existing architecture, without compromising the communication performance. In this paper, a procedure for architecture-aware LDPC code design which minimize the number of global memory accesses in a memory constrained system is derived. The procedure is built on top of existing super-code based LDPC code design. The proposed code construction procedure also results in reduction in the number of iterations and thereby increases the throughput significantly.

A framework for project risk management is proposed for employment with brownfield redevelopment projects (BRPs). This structure involves the three dimensions consisting of time, logic and knowledge. The time dimension is concerned with the initiation, planning, implementation and closure phases of the life span of a BRP. The logic dimension considers the processes of risk management comprised of risk identification, assessment and treatment, while the knowledge dimension furnishes tools and techniques which can be used in risk management of a BRP. By using this framework, risk management is integrated into the overall BRP management structure.

This paper presents a variation of circulant matrix based LDPC codes which allows more than one circulant identity matrix in a submatrix of the parity check matrix. The aggregated LDPC supports higher decoding throughput with small increase in datapath complexity. The construction algorithm, bit error rate (BER) performance, information update rule and the architecture for high decoding throughput are also presented.

Recent studies have shown that using space-time code is an effective approach to increase the data rate over wireless channels. Space-time turbo (ST-Turbo) codes formed by concatenating space-time codes with turbo codes, take advantage of both the high diversity order of space-time systems and the randomness of the turbo codes. In this paper, we compare two ST-Turbo codes, i.e., simple space-time turbo codes (SiSTT) and turbo trellis-coded modulation space-time block codes (TTCM-STBCs), and their approximate versions with respect to performance and energy consumption for both general-purpose processor and synthesized implementations. The approximations are aimed at reducing the computational complexity and include reduction in the number of paths, number of iterations, and datapath computations. Analysis of the simulation results show that SiSTT-based versions should be used for higher SNR applications where low energy consumption is the primary design objective, and TTCM-STBC-based versions should be used where performance is the primary design objective. Finally, four ST-Turbo algorithms (i.e., baseline SiSTT and its energy-efficient approximate version and the baseline TTCM-STBC and its energy-efficient approximate version) have been synthesized in 0.18-/spl mu/m CMOS technology and the implementations compared with respect to area, power, and latency.

The sliding window (SW) approach has been proposed as an effective means of reducing the memory requirements as well as the decoding latency of the maximum a posteriori (MAP) based soft-input soft-output (SISO) decoder in a Turbo decoder. In this paper, we present sub-banked memory implementations (both single port and dual port) of the SW SISO decoder that achieves high throughput, low decoding latency, and reduced memory energy consumption. Our contributions include derivation of the optimal memory sub-banked structure for different SW configurations, study of the relationship between memory size and energy consumption for different SW configurations and study of the effect of number of sub-banks on the throughput/decoding latency for a given SW configuration.

Turbo codes have revolutionized the world of coding theory with their superior performance. However, the implementation of these codes is both computationally and memory-intensive. Recently, the sliding window (SW) approach has been proposed as an effective means of reducing the decoding delay as well as the memory requirements of turbo implementations. In this paper, we present a sub-banked implementation of the SW-based approach that achieves high throughput, low decoding latency and reduced memory energy consumption. Our contributions include derivation of the optimal memory sub-banked structure for different SW configurations, study of the relationship between memory size, energy consumption and decoding latency for different SW configurations and study of the effect of number of sub-banks on the throughput and decoding latency of a given SW configuration. The theoretical study has been validated by SimpleScalar for a rate 1/3 MAP decoder.