Sustainable connectivity between an augmented intelligence of things system and terminal devices can provide a strong guarantee for an enterprise's continuity of production. To ensure sustainable data interaction in emergency situations, such as damage to communication infrastructure facilities in a postdisaster period, a pyramidal air–space–ground network model is proposed in this article, and its transmission performance is investigated. The space network, constructed of geostationary satellites and medium and low earth orbit (MEO and LEO) satellites, is heterogeneously fused with the terrestrial AIoT network to ensure around-the-clock network service for enterprise production. Then, bandwidth–delay product analysis is performed for this heterogeneous network. The proposed scheme improves the data transmission efficiency of the network model by mitigating the impact of a long round-trip time and improving the congestion window optimization in the case of data loss. The proposed scheme increases the transmission rate in the network model by a factor of 3.72 compared to the traditional transmission scheme in the case of a 5-hop terrestrial AIoT network and has a 3.94-fold advantage in download time.

Data transmission for the industrial Internet of Things (IoT) is crucial for industrial production, especially in the Industry 5.0 era, where human–machine collaboration is increasingly intensive. To ensure the continuity and robustness of industrial IoT communications in the case of damaged infrastructure communication facilities postdisaster, the industrial IoT can be connected with satellite networks in emergencies. This article presents a cross-regional, end-to-end, transmission control scheme for satellite-supported, multihop industrial IoT. The proposed scheme adjusts the window of data transmission from two phases, slow start and congestion avoidance, to accommodate the low-transmission performance caused by a long delay and high bit error rate in converged networks. The window of data transmission is also adjusted to increase the amount of data transmission for the slow start to fill the high bandwidth-delay product of the converged network, while adjusting the threshold of data transmission based on feedback information to distinguish different data losses during congestion avoidance. The feasibility of the heterogeneous network transmission model is experimentally verified. The results show that the scheme can achieve good performance in heterogeneous networks of industrial IoT and satellite networks. The scheme is effective in ensuring the continuity and stability of intelligent machine production in Industry 5.0 in emergency communication cases.

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) have attracted increasing attention in cross-regional communication. The interconnection between VANETs and satellite networks expands their communication range. To improve the transmission performance of heterogeneous networks composed of VANETs and satellite networks, this paper proposes an end-to-end transmission control scheme for satellite network-assisted VANETs, analyzes the bandwidth delay product of multihop VANETs through heterogeneous networks, and establishes a transmission control model applicable to cross-regional environments. To address the long delay and high bit error rate in heterogeneous networks, the model designs the congestion window in the slow start and congestion avoidance of the transmission scheme. The data transmission volume is increased in the slow start, and various packet losses are distinguished in congestion avoidance. The experimental results show that the scheme can achieve good transmission performance in heterogeneous networks composed of VANETs and satellite networks. The results show that VANETs data can be effectively transmitted in heterogeneous networks. Compared with the traditional transmission scheme, this simple and practical end-to-end transmission control scheme can improve speed by 83.49 kbps and reduce transmission duration time of FTP server by$4.72\times 10^{3}$s. The results of this study provide a reference for massive data transmission in heterogeneous networks of VANETs and satellite networks.

The transmission of huge amounts of data generated from various sensors is the basis and prerequisite for the analysis and prediction of the marine ecosystem. The special geographical conditions of the ocean determine that its data transmission is different from the common terrestrial data transmission. In this study, a marine environmental monitoring network architecture is proposed to collect environmental data from marine ecosystems using a heterogeneous network constructed by a multi-hop network and a satellite network. Considering the characteristics of satellite networks, such as high bandwidth delay product (BDP), long latency and high bit error rate, this work proposes a transmission scheme that improves the transmission performance of Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)-based Internet networks over satellite networks. The improved scheme increases the monitoring data transmission rate, distinguishes between random data loss and congested data loss, rationalizes the threshold in fast recovery, and improves the overall transmission performance of the marine environmental monitoring network. The experimental results show that the proposed scheme can greatly improve the transmission performance of the monitoring network compared with traditional transmission protocols. The network model proposed in this study makes full use of current advanced network technologies, including multi-hop networks, wireless sensor networks, and satellite networks to expand the monitoring area at sea. This study provides a useful reference for the network model and data transmission for ocean monitoring.

In direct position determination (DPD), a large number of observation data need to be integrated and transmitted, which creates higher requirements for the transmission performance of the network. To alleviate the problem of performance degradation in a large number of data transmissions, this paper proposes a heterogeneous network architecture and transmission control algorithm for cross‐regional heterogeneous networks. Through the heterogeneous integration of satellite and multihop networks, a transmission control model suitable for the long delay and high bit error rate environments is established, the congestion window of each stage of network transmission is analyzed, and the efficiency and accuracy of the algorithm are verified by experiments. The results show that a large amount of data can be transmitted in a heterogeneous network. When dealing with direct location, the algorithm can effectively transmit a large number of observation data for cross‐regional heterogeneous networks. This simple and applicable transmission control algorithm can improve the satellite link throughput and reduce the download response time compared with the traditional transmission algorithm. These studies provide a reference for a large number of data transmissions in direct position determination.

The geostationary (GEO) satellite networks have two important influencing factors: high latency and transmission errors. Similarly, they will happen in the large-scale multihop network of the Internet of things (IoT), which will affect the application of 5G- (5th-generation mobile networks-) IoT. In this paper, we propose an enhanced TCP mechanism that increases the amount of data transferred in the slow start phase of TCP Hybla to mitigate the effect of long RTT and incorporates a refined mechanism of TCP Veno, which can distinguish packet loss between random and congestion. This scheme is evaluated and compared with NewReno, Hybla, and Veno by simulation, and the performance improvement of the proposed TCP scheme for GEO satellite network in the presence of random packet losses is demonstrated. At the same time, the enhanced TCP scheme can improve the transmission performance in the future 5G-IoT heterogeneous network with high delay and transmission .

News comment is a new text genre which people use to express their opinions on recent news events. Different from normal text corpus, news comments have some particular properties. The named entities in the news comments usually use some wrongly written words, informal abbreviations or aliases, which bring great difficulties for machine detection and understanding. This paper addresses the issue of named entity resolution in Chinese news comments on the web, which is a special case of coreference resolution. Traditional resolution algorithms have some limitations for this special task. In this paper, we first define the special task, and then propose a novel resolution algorithm with new features to improve the resolution performance. We manually labeled a benchmark dataset with 60 pieces of news and their corresponding comments downloaded from a popular Chinese news portal and the experimental results on the dataset show that our algorithm is effective for this special task.