DECIDUOUS is a security management framework for identifying the sources of network-based intrusions. The first key concept in DECIDUOUS is dynamic security associations, which efficiently and collectively provide location information for attack sources. DECIDUOUS is built on top of the IETF's IPSEC/ISAKMP infrastructure, and it does not introduce any new network protocol for source identification in a single administrative domain. It defines a collaborative protocol for inter-domain attack source identification. The second key concept in DECIDUOUS is the management information integration of the intrusion detection system (IDS) and attack source identification system (ASIS) across different protocol layers. For example, in DECIDUOUS, it is possible for a network-layer security control protocol (e.g., IPSEC) to collaborate with an application-layer intrusion detection system module (e.g., IDS for the SNMP engine). In this paper, we present the motivations, design, and prototype implementation of the DECIDUOUS framework.

The JiNao project at MCNC/NCSU focuses on detecting intrusions, especially insider attacks, against the OSPF (open shortest path first) routing protocol. This paper presents the implementation and experiments of JiNao's statistical intrusion detection module. Our implementation is based upon the algorithm developed in SRI's NIDES (next-generation intrusion detection expert system) project. Some modifications and improvements to NIDES/STAT are made for a more effective implementation in our environment. Also, three OSPF insider attacks (e.g., maxseq, maxage, and seq++ attacks) have been developed for evaluating the efficacy of detecting capability. The experiments were conducted on two different network routing testbeds. The results indicate that the proposed statistical mechanism is very effective in detecting these routing protocol attacks.