Building a sense of home is vital to refugees’ well-being and integration during resettlement. While prior HCI research has highlighted the significance of cultural identity and family bonds in shaping this sense of home, few studies have explored how digital technologies can actively support these dimensions. Informed by ambiguous loss theory, this paper presents a study of Culture Link, a collaborative AI image-generation platform with playful features, designed to foster storytelling and engagement among refugee families in Australia. Seven families participated in a ten-day field trial, where they co-created visual stories by sharing images and narratives. Through thematic analysis of interviews and in-app activities, we identified five aspects of how the platform facilitated the sense of home: memory preservation and re-interpretation, cultural transmission, creativity and playfulness, family engagement, and generational identity divergence. Our findings extend ambiguous loss theory in displacement contexts and contribute to HCI research by demonstrating generative AI as a facilitator for storytelling.

Abstract Makerspaces are often defined as locations that bring together people, equipment, and materials for the purpose of Do It Yourself (DIY) activities, leading to democratic innovations. Less attention is given to alternatives to DIY approaches to enable successful learning environments for women from refugee and migrant backgrounds. By taking an ethnographic approach across nine makerspaces, this paper studies the learning pathways offered in each makerspace. Our findings examine (1) the efficacy of learning modalities to foster inclusion; (2) bridging pathways for women, refugees, and migrants; (3) staff expertise; and (4) facilitating pathways into employment. This paper extends the discussion from ‘Do It Yourself’ (DIY) to ‘Do It Together’ (DIT), highlighting DIT as a key approach to fostering diversity and inclusion. Finally, we contribute five strategies to provide a DIT environment and inclusive learning pathways for marginalized groups.

“More than 90% of global new settlement needs are unmet” according to UNHCR. Among those displaced are refugees and asylum seekers—seeking new life and opportunities in Australia. Despite challenges in reassimilating into foreign society, some strive to become successful entrepreneurs. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 15 such refugee and asylum seeker-entrepreneurs in Australia; documenting and mapping their journeys. This pictorial presents a novel annotation tool to present (1) the supporting role of organizations, community, and family in facilitating entrepreneurial success; and (2) the role of digital platforms in self-learning, professional skill development and, achieving business goals. The main contributions of this pictorial highlight emergent strategies that demonstrate the resilience of refugee and asylum seeker entrepreneurs overcoming and navigating extraordinary circumstances. We present a novel analytic mapping tool for researchers and designers to reformat, visualize, and analyse complex participant journeys.

Designing smart and accessible homes for persons with paraplegia (PwP) requires a holistic approach that goes beyond technological innovations. In this paper, we aim to examine how future smart, AI-enabled tools can co-exist with physical and structural constraints of homes that PwP currently live in. Using an in-situ, semi-structured interview process, aided by a set of concept arts that show futuristic household technologies, we engaged with 14 PwP and four carers to understand how accessibility can be supported. Our findings show that 1) built environments, 2) self-care tools, and 3) social elements play an important role in supporting accessible living experiences. Based on the findings, we argue that a more holistic view on accessibility is required, as it is impossible to think about domestic accessible technologies without considering the physical and structural aspects of housing. We present implications to provide home accessibility through technological support and develop the notion of situated accessibility in the context of smart, accessible housing.

Flush toilets pose challenges such as resource waste, public health, and social justice.To achieve the Sustainable Development Goal of clean water and sanitation for all, it is essential to address the complex issues around toilets and design alternative systems that effectively manage human waste.Inspired by Actor-Network Theory (ANT), this paper presents findings from a design ethnography in eco-villages about composting toilets and sustainable living.We describe three archetypal composting toilet systems and examine how they operate as creative, community-driven infrastructures that mediate human-nature relationships.We reflect on how ANT provides a useful lens for HCI to understand the socio-technical dynamics of alternative sanitation systems.We analyse how composting toilets mediate human-nature relations three interconnected processes: tinkering, linking, and becoming.We discuss the implications of fostering DIY infrastructure practices as a form of transformational creativity in the pursuit of more sustainable futures.

Figure 1: The design study session has three parts.The first task is Uncovering Challenges and Experiences.The second task is Generating Scenarios, which includes Scenario description generation, Scenario image generation.The third task is Backcasting and Provocation.

The do-it-yourself (DIY) and maker cultures have expanded into older adult communities and shown to bring a strong agency and well-being outcomes. Looking into well-established spaces, where older adults have engaged in making over a longer period, can provide an insight into the sustained motivations and benefits of making for older adults. Men’s sheds represent a great opportunity in this regard, as they are open, community spaces where retired, older men engage in woodworking, metalworking and other craft-based activities. We involved nine men’s shed members in a creative inquiry where a “probe kit” consisting of recycled timber and wooden materials was provided. The participants were asked to create an artifact from the kit for someone other than themselves. We interviewed them once they completed their projects and qualitatively analyzed their design process. Our findings show that older men’s involvement in making is driven by the ethos of “making for others” and can be seen across three themes: (1) creative expressions; (2) memories and social connections; and (3) practical needs. We unpack these themes in the paper and discuss factors that can play an important role when engaging with older adults.

Supporting practices around self-care is crucial for enabling older adults to continue living in their own homes and "ageing in place". While existing assistive technology and research concerning self-care practices have been centered on a medicalized viewpoint, it neglects a holistic perspective of older adults' preferences in self-care. This paper presents a study involving 12 older adults aged 65 and above in a semi-structured interview study, where we aimed to understand participants' practices around self-care. Our findings show that self-care in such cases involves activities across the physical, emotional and psychological, social, leisure and spiritual domains. This paper provides a comprehensive understanding of the daily self-care practices of older adults including an updated self-care framework identifying key aspects, and a set of design implications for self-care assistive technologies.

While HCI scholars have examined how e-textiles serve to bridge the gender divide, there is little research into refugee, asylum seeker and low socioeconomic migrant women (WRAMs) and e-textiles. This paper presents the results of a series of two community-led participatory design workshops to study the factors that enable these women, who face intersecting barriers, to engage in STEM oriented making activities. Our findings examine 1) deficit discourse and strengths-based narratives; 2) bridging STEM skills into a culturally safe and tailored learning environment; 3) bridging commitment through commercial viability; and 4) the benefits of organizational partnering to bridge skills and diverse communities. This paper makes three contributions. First, we offer a strengths-based counter narrative on the abilities, assets and motivations of WRAMs to engage in makerspaces, particularly STEM skills. Second, we offer a discussion on the implications of racial capitalism and internalized bias which limits resources, research and practice with WRAMs and consequently, technological design and production. Third, we extend the work of Buechley and contribute five strategies to bridge WRAMs into STEM oriented makerspace activities to build a ''new clubhouse''. We discuss the vital role researchers, technologists, makerspaces and financiers must play in supporting these new clubhouses to facilitate strengths-based narratives, harnessing and amplifying skills-based assets, in order to diversify who shapes technology and thus what is shaped.

When refugees arrive in a host country, the form of immediate help and support they receive from various service providers sets the stage for successful settlement, integration, and social cohesion. This paper presents results from an exploratory study that investigated refugees' perceptions of initial services received upon migration - in the first six months of their arrival. In collaboration with a refugee settlement services provider, we engaged 12 newly-arrived refugees in a qualitative study that employed a photo-diary study and semi-structured interviews. Based on our findings, we present refugees' experiences over three phases: immediate services upon arrival (first day); initial-settlement experiences (first week); and ongoing settlement experiences (up to twelve months). Through an in-depth unpacking of these phases, we show ongoing efforts and challenges associated with resettlement; and present implications for design for CSCW researchers.

Men's sheds are community spaces where older, retired men come together to conduct woodworking and other types of craftwork and DIY activities.There is little research on exploring how technology can help us understand shed members' perceived values associated with men's sheds.In order to investigate this further, we designed and deployed a mobile storytelling application called ShedBox for an Australian men's shed for over six weeks.ShedBox allows shed members to share audio-visual stories.Our analysis of resulting 58 stories and follow-up interviews with 13 shed members unpacked three important themes: a sense of comradery, kinship and companionship present within the shed; material and emotional engagement with the space; and, health and wellbeing of shed members.Our results also highlight a strong masculine culture of the space and how the shed is a site of active learning and engagement for its members.Lastly, our conclusion presents suggestions regarding how such forms of storytelling technology can be leveraged in similar contexts, and also how they can be effectively designed to support different demography.

Ecovillages, communities in which people integrate self-built houses, shared facilities, organic farming, composting, and self-governance into everyday practices, serve as laboratories for ongoing experiments in sustainable living. While topics like sustainability, simple living, and making are well discussed in the HCI community, we aim to investigate what socio-environmental issues are identified in ecovillages and how and with which ethos makers address these issues in their making practices. In this paper, we present findings from an ethnographic investigation around sustainable making by focusing on the endeavours of three ecovillages and highlighting their ethos to draw out lessons for HCI researchers. We discuss the relationship between making practices and sustainability from four aspects: space, material, network, and meaning, and provide lessons and implications for the HCI community.

Technology is becoming increasingly embedded within our material worlds, resulting in an exponential rise in the production and consumption of consumer electronics. Rapid innovations in technological systems reduce technology lifecycles, deprecating digital systems, rendering devices obsolete or incompatible with supporting infrastructure, resulting in the generation of electronic waste (e-waste). Sustainable unmaking practices are a promising avenue for harnessing and repurposing resources used in technology production, enabling us to move closer towards sustainable technology design. This paper presents an applied study investigating the pragmatics of sustainable unmaking, reporting on 12 semi-structured interviews conducted with domain experts engaged in unmaking with e-waste across diverse contexts in the consumer technology lifecycle. We present folk strategies — from rich first-hand accounts, revealing real, vivid, and current perspectives, as well as motivations, passions, and frustrations, of engaging with unmaking e-waste. These strategies inform five declarations as actionable provocations for unmaking in the HCI and design communities.

Maker culture and DIY practices are central to democratizing the design of technology; enabling non-designers (future end-users) to actively participate in the design process. However, little is known about how individuals from under-resourced communities and low socioeconomic status (SES) backgrounds, can practically leverage maker practices to design technology, creating value for themselves or their communities. To investigate this, we collaborated with an e-waste recycling centre, involving 24 participants (staff and low-SES volunteers) in two participatory maker workshop activities. Participants were provided with a generative e-waste toolkit, through which they repurposed e-waste materials and developed novel technology prototypes that created value from their perspectives and agendas. Our findings unpack three factors that influenced their making: balancing personal and community needs; incorporating convenience and productivity; and re-thinking sustainability and connection; and discuss strategies for scaffolding participation and engagement of under-resourced communities in making using an e-waste generative toolkit to democratize technology design.

While varying degrees of participatory methods are often explored by the HCI community to enable design with different user groups, this paper seeks to add weight to the burgeoning demand for community-led design when engaging with diverse groups at the intersections of marginalisation. This paper presents a 24-month-long qualitative study, where the authors observed a community-based organisation that empowers refugee and migrant women in Australia through making. We report how the organisation led its own process to pivot from face-to-face to online delivery during the COVID-19 pandemic, analyzing the design and delivery of an app and the intersectional challenges faced by the women as they learnt to navigate online making. This paper expands feminist intersectional praxis in HCI to new contexts and critiques the positionality of researchers in this work. It contributes to the literature on design justice, providing an exemplar of how community-led design more effectively dismantles the compounding constraints experienced by intersectional communities. This paper also argues that the ethos of care and safe spaces, which are central to black feminist thought, are vital to community-led design and underpin the 10 design justice principles when executed in practice.

In this paper, we focus on makerspace practices that can hinder or enable access for under-resourced women of colour who are novices to making, predominantly migrants and refugee women. We report on a 21 month long ethnographic fieldwork at nine makerspaces across two metropolitan Australian cities. The findings present barriers and opportunities around access of under-resourced women of colour into makerspaces. We present these findings through four themes: first impressions and visual representations; dimensions of the enabling environment; role of community partnerships; and intersectional identities of women. We conclude by discussing three contributions this paper makes to the HCI and CSCW literature, with supporting lessons and recommendations so that makerspaces no longer encode the involvement of only certain types of users (predominantly well-educated white males or white females), to the exclusion of women at the intersectional margins. If makerspaces can facilitate an enabling environment appropriate to be inclusive of women who face intersecting oppressions, the benefits of the maker movement can expand substantially.

The global population of refugees as recorded by UNHCR is at an all-time high of over 90 million people forced to find new homes in a foreign land. Starting a new life can be unsettling for refugees and asylum seekers during the resettling process in their host countries, particularly when it comes to gaining financial independence. This paper used an interview-based study to engage with fifteen refugees and asylum seekers to learn how they achieve entrepreneurial success as they navigate refugee specific barriers in a new economy. The insights showed refugee entrepreneur specific barriers that align with resettlement challenges and the technical and social resourcefulness of this under-resourced community. Our contributions to the CSCW research community are an understanding of how low-socioeconomic entrepreneurs such as refugees, function in their ecosystem and design implications for developing technology to further the efforts of refugee entrepreneurs.

Men's sheds are community makerspaces where retired men can socialize and cooperatively organize craftwork type activities (predominantly - woodworking). The HCI and CSCW literature has increasingly shown the importance of positive health outcomes associated with makerspace-type environments. This paper aims to study how men's shed members engage in making practices and what health benefits such a hyper-masculine maker culture brings to retired older men. Informed by the occupational wellbeing framework, we report on eight-month-long ethnographic fieldwork at an Australian men's shed. Our findings show that factors such as post-retirement support, materiality afforded by the space and social factors associated with the men's shed create a positive sense of experience among retired men. We situate our findings into the CSCW literature on making and maker cultures; and provide a nuanced view on how such a maker culture can be seen a site for positive health outcomes.

Contrary to stereotypes, the capacity for creativity and innovation does not diminish post-retirement. The domain of older adult-led maker-based communities offers HCI researchers the opportunity to explore not only how older adults innovatively and collaboratively create in later life, but also how we might design with these communities rather than for them. We report findings from a design workshop study spanning over two weeks involving 13 members of an urban Australian men's shed. Our findings show that making in the men's shed was influenced by (1) socio-materiality, (2) interpersonal dynamics and (3) shared expertise. We provide HCI researchers with an understanding of how older adults worked collaboratively within their own creative community as found through the deployment of a novel card-based probe, a workshop and followup investigations. We further unpack recommendations for organising design workshops with older adult maker communities that work towards meaningful community-oriented participation and greater agency in co-design studies.

Upon arrival to a host community, refugees and asylum seekers face immense challenges to rebuild their social capital that is critical in the process of their resettlement. Developing a holistic understanding of these challenges can provide significant opportunities to inform designers and services providers working with this demography. We adopt the lens of social capital coupled with an inquiry into the heterogeneity of refugees and asylum seekers to gain a holistic understanding of various challenges that they with. We accordingly present a conceptual framework that has been iteratively built based on our four years of engagement with refugee communities. The framework highlights three important aspects: cultural backdrops, displacement-related stressors, and social resources in the host community. We offer several implications for technology design, policies, and the theory of social capital that can support members from these communities in their resettlement.

The conventional 'participant-as-informant' model of user research has recently been challenged by approaches that advocate for participants to have a greater authorial control over narratives that portray their lived experiences. This is particularly important for addressing relationships of power and representation. Informed by narrative approaches in social work, we report on a study exploring the use of self-authored videos captured by 16 participants from under-resourced communities. Participants portrayed their mundane life experiences in a form of a video biography. Co-analysis of resulting videos showed that video biographies were used for: authentic representation of daily routines and life stories; portrayal of DIY identities; and promoting living well. Findings show how the self-authored biographies afforded participants a vehicle for challenging cultural stereotypes often associated with the research population. We further demonstrate the value of video-based approaches in user research for illuminating mundane life through rich autobiographical narratives.

The purpose of this pictorial is to provide a unique perspective, through an autoethnographic account, of the experiences a woman of colour may have, as she seeks to enter into the world of makerspaces. As an intersectional woman, conducting this autoethnography is a means to assess the cultural and gender diversity of makerspaces in an Australian metro city, and their practices to foster inclusivity. Over a period of 6 months, the lead author explored 4 different types of makerspaces. The autoethnography found cultural and gendered roles and biases in the physical and socio-cultural environments of each makerspace, as well as in terminologies, tools, materials and learning pathways that constrained her involvement. The research identifies important factors that could be amplified to increase the involvement of intersectional women and the foundations for new guidelines and activities that would enable makerspaces to improve their diversity and inclusivity.

In some developing countries, widows are looked down upon and are often considered inauspicious especially in rural regions. Some societies even consider them and their issues invisible. This paper presents findings from a qualitative study focused on understanding how technology could facilitate entrepreneurial and DIY activities of widows from rural Sri Lanka. We conducted semi-structured interviews and field observations with thirteen widows from low socio-economic backgrounds, who were involved in various small-scale entrepreneurial activities. Our findings showed three central aspects associated with their entrepreneurial activities which can be supported through technology: initial stages of entrepreneurship, balancing work with life, and dealing with exploitations. This paper explores how gender inequality in a social context affects marginalized women in rural Sri Lanka in conducting their entrepreneurial efforts. In particular, we highlight resilient practices that the participants apply to support their entrepreneurial activities. With an "assets-based approach" we conclude by providing implications for policymakers, media, and HCI practitioners to support this inbuilt resilience by leveraging their current assets.

This paper presents findings from a set of 'magic machines' workshops with newly arrived Iraqi refugees in Australia. The aim was to allow a broad range of response in designing innovative and creative technologies that can help refugees deal with specific challenges. To bring the 'future' into the present and to understand their needs and experiences, we asked 12 participants to create low-fi objects from different materials and to enact them in different scenarios. The magic machines workshops helped access refugees' voices and provided future contexts for them to deal with their challenges. The data analysis of the two workshops revealed three broad themes: information provision barriers, security and ethical challenges, and mistrust and cultural aspects. Our findings show that adopting a speculative design approach has encouraged refugees to have a strong voice- creatively articulated in the form of a set of magic machines. The study offers insights into refugees' perceptions of the future and current technology. It also informs policymakers of the issues around current policy hurdles newcomer refugees face in their settlement in the host community.

This paper aims to examine motivations of participants for being involved in a crafts-based, women-only maker organization. Over a period of three months, we observed and interviewed ten women aged 42 - 78 to explore how they experienced being involved in knitting, sewing, crocheting, card making and other similar craft forms. Using the ethos of care as a lens to interpret our data, we found that our participants perceived making as an 'outlet' for them to perform activities that support their physical and mental wellbeing. Moreover, they perceived making as a tool to support others in need and help the larger community rather than a self-serving achievement. We also observed how the use of technology was inherent into their craft making activities that supported not only the making processes but also sharing these with others. Our findings highlight the 'care work' that goes into making in such a social setting that generally goes unnoticed when the focus is purely on instrumental and objective aspects of making. We believe that these findings will inform CSCW researchers to think about the not-so-visible qualities of making that elevate care (for self and for others), and to support these via the design of innovative technologies.?

HCI and CSCW literature has extensively studied a wide variety of maker cultures. In this paper, we focus on understanding what making is like for people and communities who do not have access to advanced technological infrastructures. We report on six-month-long ethnographic fieldwork at a non-profit, resource-constrained, e-waste recycling centre that engages members from a low socioeconomic status (SES) community in making activities. Our findings show that making in such a setting is shaped by local economic and social factors in a resource-constrained environment and highlight how this community engages in a wide range of making activities. In describing these making activities, we emphasize how making was conducted to purposely enable ongoing and future making by others; promoted the wellbeing and skill development of centre members; and was socially-engaged to address concerns in the local community. We conclude by discussing how such type of making contributes a new understanding of maker culture, one that is appreciative of resource-constraints, integrates different sources of value, and is embedded in local place.

Displacement caused by war, conflict and persecution affects refugees and asylum seekers in more ways than we can imagine. This article investigates refugees and asylum seekers’ experiences associated with displacement and the effects it has on their social capital. We present findings from a qualitative study that involved a mix of 24 participants, including refugees, asylum seekers, community workers and activists. Cultural probes and semi-structured interviews were adopted in this study. We discuss our findings in four themes: displacement related stressors, acceptance in the host community, access to social resources and technology use by refugees. We discuss examples from our study and offer practical, theoretical and technological design implications that can foster social capital for refugees and asylum seekers.

Microfinance is an inherently social process. Over the years, it has emerged as an essential means for providing financial services to the "underbanked" population in developing countries. This paper presents a qualitative study focused on understanding existing cooperative practices associated with microfinance in rural Sri Lanka. Through semi-structured interviews, group discussions and visits to microfinance centres, we found that microfinancing involves much more than financial transactions, rather it is strongly habituated in the sociocultural fabric of communities. Our findings show that three factors affect the cooperative process of microfinancing: trust and credibility, community support, and familial assistance. Using examples from the field, this paper discusses the importance of these factors in microfinance activities and contributes an elaborated account of cooperative practices that support microfinance processes. We also highlight how the local sociocultural structures and practices shape the way microfinance processes are being handled. We contribute towards an in-depth understanding of such practices that can be useful for microfinance institutions (MFIs) and technology designers. Consequently, we advocate for an intermediary path for technology interventions where technology and people work together rather than technology replacing people.

This article contends that problems such as poverty and economic disadvantage are equally social in their nature as they are economic. As such, a social frame of reference is helpful in design. Using a qualitative approach, the authors studied the ways that 13 Australian households living on a low income manage, organize, and interact in their everyday financial activities and what this means for designers of technology that might assist them with this. The article highlights the highly social nature of many practices concerned with managing and saving money. Implications are provided for how these practices may be supported through fostering social connections and how informal and sharing economies may be leveraged to provide value to those experiencing financial hardship. An argument is made that classifying an otherwise heterogeneous population based on income alone is reductive. In response, the authors propose a rationale for amending the “low income” demographic classifier, incorporating a broader measure they tentatively term Social–financial Connectedness, which captures the importance of social connections in overall financial well-being and identifies people’s capacity to live well and share, irrespective of their financial circumstances.

Affordance is an important concept in the field of human–computer interaction. There are various interpretations of affordances, often extending the original notion of James J. Gibson. Often the treatment of affordances in the current human–computer interaction literature has been a one-to-one relationship between a user and an artefact. We believe that the social and cultural contexts within which an artefact is situated affect the way in which the artefact is used and the notion of affordance needs to be seen as a dynamic, always emerging relationship between people and their environment. Using a Structuration Theory approach, we conceptualize the notion of affordance at a much broader level, encompassing social and cultural aspects. We suggest that affordances should be seen at three levels: single user, organizational (or work group) and societal. Focusing on the organizational level affordances, we provide details of several important factors that affect the emergence of affordances.

People experiencing financial hardship often possess resilient and resourceful behaviors when handling their day-to-day activities. Understanding how these individuals manifest resilience during adversity could provide insights into how technologies can support their existing efforts. In a partnership with an Australian community care center, we identified resilient practices of people with low socioeconomic status. Following a strength-based approach, we collected data via home visits and semi-structured interviews involving 14 participants, and observed activities at the care center over 8 months. Our participants exhibited three key facets of resilience: (1) resilience as an integral part of their everyday lives, (2) a spirited phenomenon, and (3) a social and care-focused process. We contribute empirical insights into our participants' situated resilience and articulate ways through which design can support their existing social and collaborative practices. We compare and contrast our findings within and outside CSCW literature and advocate for a strength-based approach.

In this paper we discuss results of a field study focused on understanding the ways money and financial issues are handled within family settings. Families develop 'systems' or methods through which they coordinate and manage their everyday financial activities. Through an analysis of our fieldwork data collected from fifteen families, we provide several examples of such systems, highlighting their qualities and illustrating how such systems come to support the handling of financial activities in the home. Our results show that these systems are developed with a careful consideration of familial values, relationships and routines; and incorporate the use of physical and digital tools. Consequently, we suggest that design should consider the use and non-use of technology when supporting household financial management, taking into account the richness of families' existing organically formed practices surrounding financial systems. Finally, our findings point to the fact that financial management in the domestic setting is socially organized and is closely connected to supporting everyday household activities.

Sharing photos through mobile devices has a great potential for creating shared experiences of social events between co-located as well as remote participants. In order to design novel event sharing tools, we need to develop in-depth understanding of current practices surrounding these so called ‘event photos’- photos about and taken during different social events such as weddings picnics, and music concert visits among others. We studied people’s practices related to event photos through in-depth interviews, guided home visits and naturalistic observations. Our results show four major themes describing practices surrounding event photos: 1) representing events, 2) significant moments, 3) situated activities through photos, and 4) collectivism and roles of participants.

In this paper, we report the results of a field trial of a Ubicomp system called CAM that is aimed at supporting and enhancing collaboration in a design studio environment. CAM uses a mobile-tagging application which allows designers to collaboratively store relevant information onto their physical design objects in the form of messages, annotations and external web links. The purpose of our field trial was to explore the role of augmented objects in supporting and enhancing creative work. Our results show that CAM was used not only to support participants' mutual awareness and coordination but also to facilitate designers in appropriating their augmented design objects to be explorative, extendable and playful, supporting creative aspects of design work. In general, our results show how CAM transformed static design objects into 'remarkable' objects that made the creative and playful side of cooperative design visible.

Physical design objects such as sketches, drawings, collages, storyboards and models play an important role in supporting communication and coordination in design studios. CAM (Cooperative Artefact Memory) is a mobile-tagging based messaging system that allows designers to collaboratively store relevant information onto their design objects in the form of messages, annotations and external web links. We studied the use of CAM in a Product Design studio over three weeks, involving three different design teams. In this paper, we briefly describe CAM and show how it serves as 'object memory'.