Direct quotations are used for opinion mining and information extraction as they have an easy to extract span and they can be attributed to a speaker with high accuracy.However, simply focusing on direct quotations ignores around half of all reported speech, which is in the form of indirect or mixed speech.This work presents the first large-scale experiments in indirect and mixed quotation extraction and attribution.We propose two methods of extracting all quote types from news articles and evaluate them on two large annotated corpora, one of which is a contribution of this work.We further show that direct quotation attribution methods can be successfully applied to indirect and mixed quotation attribution.* *These authors contributed equally to this work.by quotation marks, which makes them easy to extract.However, annotated resources suggest that direct quotations represent only a limited portion of all quotations, i.e., around 30% in the Penn Attribution Relation Corpus (PARC), which covers Wall Street Journal articles, and 52% in the Sydney Morning Herald Corpus (SMHC), with the remainder being indirect (Ex.1c) or mixed (Ex.1b)quotations.Retrieving only direct quotations can miss key content that can change the interpretation of the quotation (Ex.1b) and will entirely miss indirect quotations.

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is an important ubiquitous computing technique used for automatic item identification and data capture. It has been widely deployed in various areas to automate previously labor-intensive inventory control and item identification. In this paper, we develop a framework to apply RFID in securely tracing of materials flows in supply chains. Timely and accurate material flow control is critical to supply chain visibility and improvement of the organizations' competitive advantage. We develop a secure tag-reader authentication protocol to ensure the authenticity of RFID tags and readers. Our approach requires constant time in the best case in RFID database key search in order to identify a legitimate tag, which makes real-time item identification possible and also increases RFID system scalability.