This paper presents a new structure of product codes formed by combining two polar codes. The encoding performance of these codes is verified by implementing an exhaustive search algorithm, which determines their minimum weight specifications. Conducted analysis and simulations confirm that with the equal code length and rate, the newly proposed codes outperform the conventional polar codes in high energy per bit-to-noise ratios ( Eb/N0≤5 dB). This is concluded from punctured and nonpunctured product codes.

An Unequal Error Protection (UEP) technique for H.264/AVC video bitstreams constituted by GOP structure is proposed. It is formed by motion energy concept, which is defined as the energy necessary for displacement of macroblocks between two consecutive frames. The importance of GOPs is determined by their motion energies estimated by Lagrange polynomial. This estimation method expresses a function, which considers previous GOPs having a high correlation with each other. Then, video frames are unequally protected based on their motion activities and the importance of GOPs. Since previous GOPs are used for predicting the current one, no delay for transmission of video bitstreams is required. Simulation results show that with similar Forward Error Correcting (FEC) code rates applied for different protection levels, the proposed technique outperforms other GOP-based UEP techniques.

A multi-level error protection technique for H.264/AVC video bitstreams structured by Group of Pictures (GOP) is proposed. Protection levels are determined by motion energy, which considers displacements of all macroblocks between consecutive frames. Lagrange polynomial is applied in predicting motion energy of a GOP, which is derived from previous GOPs having a high correlation with each other. The optimum number of previous GOPs is selected in order to obtain a good motion energy estimation of the current one. Conducted analyses and simulation results show that video performance obtained by the proposed technique outperforms other motion activity-based Unequal Error Protection (UEP) techniques, while a similar channel code rate is applied.

This paper presents a multi-level error protection for H.264/AVC video frames based on the importance of macroblocks. It is basically accomplished by comparing motion activities of macroblocks with their neighbouring areas. Those macroblocks having higher motion activities than their neighbouring areas are highly protected. Two-level error protection formed by this comparison is extended to construct a multi-level error protection for the video frames. In this case, an algorithm is implemented, which considers motion activities of macroblocks in two consecutive frames. Conducted analysis and simulation results express that the newly presented multi-level protection significantly improves the video performance compared to other motion-based error protection techniques, while similar code rates for channel codes are applied.

This paper proposes an Unequal Error Protection (UEP) method for H.264/AVC video frames based on motion energy, which is defined as the necessary energy for a block movement between two different frames. The importance of a macroblock is determined on the basis of a threshold, which is estimated by its neighboring macroblocks. The importance of a frame is determined depending on the majority of macroblocks having high or low importance. This method provides better performance than other motion-based UEP methods, while significantly reducing the number of stuff bits used for channel coding.

This paper presents an unequal error protection technique for H.264/AVC video bitstreams. It is formed by the concept of motion energy, which is defined as the energy necessary for displacement of blocks between two frames having motion information. The importance of frames are adaptively set by threshold values, which are calculated based on variation of motion energies between consecutive frames. Simulations show that the proposed technique effectively improves the quality of compressed videos formed by different formats.

The paper presents an algorithm for the free distance determination of turbo Bose Ray Chaudhuri Hocquenghem (BCH) codes constructed by row-column interleavers. The algorithm calculates the minimum weights of turbo BCH codes obtained from input bitstreams having different weights. Among the minimum weights calculated in different cases, the minimum one is being considered as the free distance of turbo BCH codes. This is being achieved applying specifications of the interleaver and constituent BCH codes. Based on the computed free distances, the upper bound of probability of error for different turbo BCH codes is determined. It agrees with simulation results of the code performance in the error floor region.

A simple algorithm for the weight calculation of turbo codes with convolutional interleavers is presented. For codes with short interleaver lengths, the weight distributions are computed using conventionally proposed methods and then utilised together with the interleaver properties to determine the weight specifications for the code with a longer desired length. Based on the calculated weights, a new upper bound for the code is computed. It agrees with simulation results of the code performance in the error-floor region.

This work presents an algorithm for computation of the free distance parameter of turbo codes with a convolutional interleaver implemented to act as a block interleaver. Based on the properties of the interleaver and the algorithm applied, we can also determine the other low weights of turbo codes and this is useful in determining the performance of the error floor of turbo codes. For different turbo code structures, the relevant parameters have been computed. The error rate simulations confirm the algorithm results.