Quantum Software Engineering (QSE) is an emerging discipline devoted to specifying, designing, implementing, and deploying software for quantum computers. As quantum mechanics and hybrid architecture are evolving at a rapid pace, security challenges are also emerging. This paper investigates the key QSE security concerns, classifying them into four major families: crosstalk, side-channel, fault injection, and pulse-level attacks. For each of these threats, we explore their place of origin, consequences, and available specimens. In response, we map mitigation approaches such as dynamical decoupling, randomized compiling, transpilation masking, secure lifecycle models, frameworks, and associated tools.

Quantum software engineering has gained a lot of attention recently. Multiple traditional software engineering events have introduced a quantum software track, or a co-located quantum related workshop or other side event, indicating that quantum software is becoming a popular research topic, with more and more software engineering researchers contributing to its evolution. In this paper, we address software engineering research that aims at solving problems that emerge when quantum programs are used on industry domains. The paper is based on the keynote at the IEEE Symposium on Quantum Software: Quantum Software Engineering 2025, which took place in Helsinki, Finland, Summer of 2025. In particular, we address the state of research in quantum software engineering, its novel aspects as well as its connections to other branches of software engineering. Furthermore, in the light of this research, we also assess the maturity of quantum software engineering in the light of industry expectations.

The emergence of quantum computing proposes a revolutionary paradigm that can radically transform numerous scientific and industrial application domains. The ability of quantum computers to scale computations beyond what the current computers are capable of implies better performance and efficiency for certain algorithmic tasks. However, to benefit from such improvement, quantum computers must be integrated with existing software systems, a process that is not straightforward. In this paper, we propose a unified execution model that addresses the challenges that emerge from building hybrid classical-quantum applications at scale. Following the Design Science Research methodology, we proposed a convention for mapping quantum resources and artifacts to Kubernetes concepts. Then, in an experimental Kubernetes cluster, we conducted experiments for scheduling and executing quantum tasks on both quantum simulators and hardware. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed platform Qubernetes (or Kubernetes for quantum) exposes the quantum computation tasks and hardware capabilities following established cloud-native principles, allowing seamless integration into the larger Kubernetes ecosystem. The quantum computing potential cannot be realized without seamless integration into classical computing. By validating that it is practical to execute quantum tasks in a Kubernetes infrastructure, we pave the way for leveraging the existing Kubernetes ecosystem as an enabler for hybrid classical-quantum computing.

Abstract In the design of digital logic circuits, QCA technology is an excellent alternative to CMOS technology. Its advantages over CMOS include low power consumption, fast circuit switching, and nanoscale design. Circuits that convert data between different formats are code converters. Code converters have an essential role in high-performance computing and signal processing. In this paper, first, we proposed a novel QCA structure for the quantum reversible Fredkin gate. Second, we proposed 4-bit and 8-bit QCA binary-to-gray converter and vice versa. For the second proposal, both reversible and irreversible structures are suggested. The proposed structures are scalable up to N bits. To change the conversion type from B2G to G2B, we use a 2:1 QCA multiplexer. The proposed QCA Fredkin is applied in the reversible design of QCA code converters as multiplexers. The suggested designs are simulated using the QCADesigner tool. Then we calculated figures of merit, including cell counts, occupied areas, and clock zones. Finally, we compare the proposed structures to existing research. Our proposed approach is the first quantum-dot cellular automata design to perform B2G conversion and G2B in a single QCA circuit. The proposed designs are scalable. Specifications are reported.

Reversible circuits are needed in different emerging technologies, but their design is still mainly conducted on low abstraction levels thus far. Hardware Description Languages (HDLs) provide suitable description means to lift the design process to higher levels of abstractions. However, synthesis of HDL descriptions thus far still relies on non-reversible building blocks even if the corresponding statements are purely reversible. This leads to reversible circuits with additional circuit lines (i.e., circuit signals)-rendering HDL-based synthesis infeasible for many applications such as quantum computing. In this work, we present a synthesis method which realizes many of the HDL statements with no additional lines at all. To this end, we consider the respective (reversible) HDL statements as an entirety rather than breaking it down into (possibly non-reversible) building blocks. For the first time, this allows to realize many HDL descriptions with no additional circuit lines.