This work proposes a Few-shot network employed for Perirenal Fat and Renal Parenchyma Semantic Segmentation (PRS-Net) in Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD). PRS-Net integrates ST module and Fusion module. These two modules allow the model to process CT images with different spatial distributions and fuse multi-scale features, thereby enhancing performance in image segmentation. Utilizing the Perirenal Fat and Renal Parenchyma Dataset for semantic segmentation, PRS-Net achieves a mean intersection over union of 60.22% on test set, achieving superior performance compared to the other models. PRS-Net has clinical significance for early DKD diagnosis.

Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is a prevalent condition associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, characterized by high blood pressure, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia. These risk factors not only exacerbate cardiovascular conditions but also impair immune function. Timely detection and prevention of MetS are imperative to mitigate these health risks. Recent advancements indicate various diagnostic approaches, including electrochemical biomarker detection, muscle mass to visceral fat ratio assessments, and anthropometric indices such as the body roundness index. Moreover, multimodality imaging techniques have become essential tools in comprehensive evaluation of MetS. This study introduces a cost-effective infrared thermal imager designed for MetS ordinary monitoring. Through simulation experiments involving 20 participants, 400 images of samples are collected and analyzed. The results demonstrate significant differences in thermal images between negative and positive samples. This innovative method could potentially offer a cost-effective and non-invasive tool for MetS monitoring.

Cervical cancer poses a significant threat to the health of women worldwide. Cervical cytopathology screening is an effective method for diagnosing cervical cancer. However, manual screening is time-consuming and prone to errors. The advent of automatic Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD) systems based on deep learning addresses this problem, however training these models requires large amounts of labeled data, which may not always be available. This paper proposes a Few-Shot Learning (FSL) framework called FSL-DSC to perform cervical cell classification tasks on small dataset. FSL-DSC first proposes inner loop learning and outer loop learning for individual tasks and overall parameter updates respectively, then a depthwise separable module is designed to further enhance the performance of the model. Among three repeated experiments, the FSL-DSC framework achieves an average accuracy of 83.34%, which shows the effectiveness and potential of the proposed FSL-DSC in the field of cervical image classification and few-shot tasks.

In the medical field, on the one hand, data mining can effectively establish evaluation models to supplement gold standards; on the other hand, it can guide the direction of scientific research by establishing connections between knowledge. Radiology images and pathological images are considered to be the most suitable medical data for data mining due to their large amount of information. Endometrial carcinoma is a common malignant tumor in women, and TP53 mutation status is an important factor affecting the occurrence and development of tumors. In this study, we propose a neural network structure based on multi-modal medical data that can predict TP53 mutations in endometrial carcinoma, with an accuracy of 86.21% in test set. Then, we clustered TP53-related deep learning features, and we believe that there is heterogeneity in TP53-related deep learning features.

Background and purpose: Skin tumours have become one of the most common diseases worldwide. While benign ones are not usually a threat to human health, malignant ones can develop into skin cancer and become life-threatening if left untreated. Early detection of the disease is important for the treatment of patients with skin tumours and dermoscopy is the most effective means of diagnosing skin tumours. However, the complexity of skin tumour cells makes the diagnosis somewhat erroneous for doctors. Therefore, a dermoscopic classification network based on deep learning and computer-aided diagnostic techniques is needed to obtain a high diagnostic accuracy rate for skin tumours. Methods: In this paper, Deep-skin, a model for dermoscopic image classification is proposed, which is based on both attention mechanism and ensemble learning. Considering the characteristics of dermoscopic images, embedding different attention mechanisms on top of Inception-V3 has been suggested to obtain more potential features. We then improve the classification performance by late fusion of the different models. To demonstrate the effectiveness of Deep-skin, experiments and evaluations are performed on the publicly available dataset Skin Cancer: Malignant vs. Benign and compare the performance of Deep-skin with other classification models. Results: The experimental results indicate that Deep-skin performs well on the dataset in comparison to other models, achieving a maximum accuracy of 87.8%.Conclusion: In this paper, the Deep-skin model is proposed for the classification of dermoscopic images and has shown better performance. In the future, we intend to investigate better classification models for automatic diagnosis of skin tumours. Such models can potentially assist physicians and patients in clinical settings.

The detection of environmental microorganisms is always a difficult task, e specially when the multi-scale environment is complex. For tiny objects in microscopic images, current detection methods face the challenge of accurate identification and localization. In contrast, we propose a convolutional neural network (ECA-RetinaNet) for microscopic object detection of which underlying dataset is a high-quality EMDS-7 dataset. The accuracy of ECA-RetinaNet is high, with a high mean Average Precision (mAP) value of 81.42% in the Environmental Microorganisms (EMS) detection task. Its accuracy has been higher than that of the two-stage object detection network.