The bereaved interact with photos of the deceased in various ways to maintain continuing bonds. Extant research in HCI and interaction design suggests leveraging data on photos’ contexts (e.g., time and place) to support photo use by the bereaved. Extending this research, we interviewed 17 bereaved parents to examine how the bereaved might also interact with photos’ content (e.g., color schemes, facial expressions). We characterize their interactions as processes of meaning-making that enabled them to keep their finite photos relevant and maintain continuing bonds with their children. By identifying meaning-making processes in terms of interactions with both photos’ content and contexts, we open up possibilities for supporting photo use for the bereaved that leverage content-related data. Our findings more broadly highlight the importance of accounting for subjective meaning-making processes in data-driven approaches to photo use in HCI and computer vision.

Domain experts play an essential role in data science by helping data scientists situate their technical work beyond the statistical analysis of large datasets. How domain experts themselves may engage with data science tools as a type of end-user remains largely invisible. Understanding data science as domain expert-driven depends on understanding how domain experts use data. Drawing on an ethnographic study of a craft brewery in Korea, we show how craft brewers worked with data by situating otherwise abstract data within their brewing practices and settings. We contribute theoretical insight into how domain experts use data distinctly from technical data scientists in terms of their view of data (situated vs. abstract), purposes for engaging with data (guiding processes over predicting outcomes), and overall goals of using data (flexible control vs. precision). We propose four ways in which working with data can be supported through the design of data science tools, and discuss how craftwork can be a useful lens for integrating domain expert-driven understandings of data science into CSCW and HCI research.

This paper examines "repairedness" - the contingently stable, working version of an artifact under repair that is negotiated out of multiple possible versions to bring about the temporary conclusion of repair work. Our paper draws on an ethnographic study of an analog electronics repair community in Seoul, South Korea to develop two contributions. First, studying processes of negotiating the repairedness of an artifact accounts for contingency in the properties of the artifact itself, which differs from contingencies in collaborative work practices that have been a focus of CSCW research on repair. Second, a concept of repairedness highlights how ongoing processes of interacting with an artifact nonetheless need to be brought to contingent conclusions, suggesting that an artifact's properties are a valuable site for sustainable engagement. These contributions help CSCW research on repair account for the multiplicity of artifacts highlighted by STS scholars as integral to how humans sustainably engage with artifacts in their practices.

Abstract Before the Web, the story of online information services was largely one of over‐estimates and unmet expectations. This study examines sustained use and non‐use of online services within organizations in a way that overcomes limitations of the traditional approaches that repeatedly led to exuberant usage projections. By adopting an open‐systems view, we see that firms in highly technical and highly institutional environments have many more incentives to gather data and go online than do firms in low‐tech, unregulated industries. But firms make important choices about partnering and outsourcing that can shift informational activities across organizational boundaries. Our analysis focuses on the informational environments of firms in three industries: law, real estate and biotech/pharmaceuticals. This environmental model provides richer conceptualizations about the use of information and communication technologies, including Internet technologies, and better projections about future use. In support of our analysis, we briefly discuss insights from an ongoing intranets study informed by an informational environments perspective.

Application of computer and information technology to cooperative work and group decisionmaking has grown out of three traditions: computer-based communications, computer-based information service provision, and computer-based decision support. This paper provides an overview of the various kinds of systems that have been configured to meet the needs of groups at work, evaluates the status of these systems in the United States, evaluates the experience with them, assesses barriers to their further development and use, and draws conclusions about future work in this area that should be undertaken. An extensive set of references is provided.