We propose TDM/TWDM de Bruijn networks and ShuffleNets by utilizing small all-optical dilated slipped banyan networks, DSBs (Thompson, 1991). The proposed networks require fewer switches than DSBs, and smaller numbers of wavelengths than WDM de Bruijn networks and ShuffleNets. Furthermore, only one fixed-wavelength transmitter and one fixed-wavelength receiver are required for each node.

The authors propose optical networks TdB(d, k) and TDM ShuffleNet(d, k), which are the TDM versions of the WDM de Bruijn network and the WDM ShuffleNet(d, k), respectively. They also propose the TWdB(d, k) and TWDM ShuffleNet(d, k), variations of the TdB and TDM ShuffleNet, which combine the TDM and WDM to further reduce the hardware cost. The dilated slipped banyan networks, DSB(d)'s are used to provide a time division multiplexed operation in all four networks. The proposed networks have a simple column control and a dilated operation suitable for guided-wave and free-space technologies. Only one fixed-wavelength transmitter and one fixed-wavelength receiver are required per node. The performance in terms of channel efficiency, delay and throughput is analysed.>

Generalized de Bruijn digraph, G_{B}(d,n), was proposed independently by Imase and Itoh, and Reddy, Pradhan and Kuhl to include any number of nodes. Du and Hwang showed that G_{B}(d, n) essentially retains all the nice properties of de Bruijn digraphs, and presented a \left\lceil {\log _d n} \right\rceil -step routing algorithm, where d is the indegree and outdegree, and n is the number of nodes in the graph.