The performance limitations of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) information time delay system (ITDS) with packet loss, codec and white Gaussian noise (WGN) are investigated in this article. By using the spectrum decomposition technique, inner-outer factorization, and partial factorization techniques, the expression of performance limitations is obtained under the two-degree-of-freedom (2DOF) compensator. The theoretical analysis results demonstrate that the system performance is related to the time delay, non-minimum phase (NMP) zeros, unstable zeros and their directions in a given device. In addition, WGN, packet loss and codec also impact the performance. Finally, the theoretical results are verified by simulation examples. Simulation results show that packet loss rate and encoding and decoding have a greater impact on system performance.

In this article, we consider distributed adaptive finite-time containment control for a class of nonlinear multiagent system with external perturbation which is unknown upper bound under directed graph. Multiagent systems is nonlinear dynamics system of which inherent nonlinearities are designed as higher- and lower-order. First of all, by using information of neighbor, it is possible to construct a second-order finite-time estimator to estimate weighted average of positions and velocities of leaders. Then, a distributed adaptive finite-time containment controller is proposed to make states of followers can converge to convex hull spanned by leaders in finite time. Finally, effectiveness of proposed control algorithm is demonstrated by numerical simulation.

A multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) infor-mation time-delay system (ITDS) has certain performance limitations due to message queue, additive Gaussian white noise (AGWN), bandwidth, and packet loss. This study analyzes the difference of system performance when the servers process message queue independently and cooperatively in detail. In addition, by partial factorization, inner–outer factorization, and the spectrum decomposition method, the performance expression under 2-degree-of-freedom (2DOF) controller has been obtained. The results show that the performance of ITDS is influenced not only by the inherent properties of system, including unstable zeros, time delay, nonminimum phase (NMP) zeros, and their directions in the given device but also by network factors, such as bandwidth, packet loss, and AGWN. Finally, the simulation verifies that even for the same parameters, under different queuing rules, the system has different performances.

The performance limitations of multi-input–multi-output (MIMO) information time-delay system (ITDS) due to bandwidth, additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN), and cyber-attacks are investigated in this work. The game theory methods are used to analyze the impact of intrusion detection systems on systems performance in order to deal with network attacks under incomplete information. The expression of performance limitations is obtained by using the spectrum decomposition technique, inner–outer factorization, and partial factorization techniques under the two-degree-of-freedom (2DOF) compensator. The results demonstrate that the performance limitations of the system are not only influenced by the inherent properties, including time delay, nonminimum phase (NMP) zeros, and unstable zeros and their directions of the given object but are also influenced by the communication parameters, such as AWGN and bandwidth. In addition, the results show that under the cyber-attacks with incomplete information, the performance is only influenced by the payoff matrix of the defense, and not by the payoff matrix of the offense. Finally, the theoretical results are verified by performing simulations.

In this article, the time-varying formation (TVF)-containment tracking problem is investigated for linear multiagent systems (MASs), in which the input of tracking leader is unknown and bounded. A novel kind of adaptive discontinuous TVF-containment tracking protocol for linear MAS is proposed. Based on the Lyapunov stability theory, it is shown that under the appropriate assumptions the leaders can achieve an expected TVF and track the trajectory of the tracking leader, while the follower agents can move into the convex hull formed by leader agents. Furthermore, the continuous protocols are also presented to avoid undesirable chattering from the tracking leader’s nonzero input, under which the errors are uniformly ultimately bounded and the upper bound of errors can be made arbitrarily small. In the end, simulation example verifies the feasibility of the desired theoretical results.