Current speaker anonymization methods, especially with self-supervised learning (SSL) models, require massive computational resources when hiding speaker identity. This paper proposes an effective and parameter-efficient speaker anonymization method based on recent End-to-End model reprogramming technology. To improve the anonymization performance, we first extract speaker representation from large SSL models as the speaker identifies. To hide the speaker’s identity, we reprogram the speaker representation by adapting the speaker to a pseudo domain. Extensive experiments are carried out on the VoicePrivacy Challenge (VPC) 2022 datasets to demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed parameter-efficient learning anonymization methods. Additionally, while achieving comparable performance with the VPC 2022 strong baseline 1.b, our approach also consumes less computational resources during anonymization.

Speaker adaptation systems face privacy concerns, for such systems are trained on private datasets and often overfitting. This paper demonstrates that an attacker can extract speaker information by querying speaker-adapted speech recognition (ASR) systems. We focus on the speaker information of a transformer-based ASR and propose GhostVec, a simple and efficient attack method to extract the speaker information from an encoder-decoder-based ASR system without any external speaker verification system or natural human voice as a reference. To make our results quantitative, we pre-process GhostVec using singular value decomposition (SVD) and synthesize it into waveform. Experiment results show that the synthesized audio of GhostVec reaches 10.83% EER and 0.47 minDCF with target speakers, which suggests the effectiveness of the proposed method. We hope the preliminary discovery in this study to catalyze future speech recognition research on privacy-preserving topics.