• Information systems multisourcing requires mechanisms that ensure both competition and cooperation. • Multisourcing arrangements may fruitfully combine cooperation-enhancing and competition-enhancing mechanisms if the mechanisms are of the same type (force versus emergent). • Conversely, the coexistence of forced and emergent mechanisms, which rely on economic versus social logics, can result in substitution effects. This paper examines the effect of forced and emergent competition- and cooperation-enhancing mechanisms on joint multisourcing performance. We draw on research on coopetition in IS multisourcing and the literature on the crowding-out effect to theorise the interplay between these mechanisms. We argue that the key to understanding whether these mechanisms complement or substitute each other lies in the distinction between forced and emergent mechanisms, as these respectively invoke either an economic or a social logic among vendors. We test these ideas through a survey study of 108 multisourcing arrangements. Our results show that while a forced competition and an emergent cooperation mechanism can individually improve joint performance in multisourcing, the co-existence of economic and social logics results in a substitutional effect. A complementary effect is achieved when competition and cooperation mechanisms are of the same logic. Our study extends the existing IS outsourcing literature by shedding light on the role of forced and emergent mechanisms, either as competition or cooperation-enhancing, in enhancing multisourcing performance.

In today's world, organizations rely on cybersecurity end-user compliance as an essential practical parameter. Yet cybersecurity compliance remains a challenge, and failures are commonplace. But why? In addressing this question, we argue that ISP compliance is neither too monolithic nor too granular a construct but needs respecification. We empirically investigate cybersecurity antecedents leading to (i) user protection-centric password management and (ii) system protection-centric update compliance dimensions. The results of our survey of 241 users show differentiating behavioral strands intertwined across different types of compliance, highlighting a unique interplay of attitudes, knowledge, and social factors as antecedents to password and update compliance.

Dedicated complementors are devoted, faithful, and willing to invest in their partnership with a platform owner. Since such complementors promise continuous value co-creation, complementor dedication is an essential objective of platform governance. However, as dedicated complementors also increase their vulnerability vis-à-vis the platform owner, platform governance needs to strike a balance between satisfying global ecosystem needs and the local partnership needs. To understand this challenge better, our study develops six hypotheses on how two fundamental governance mechanisms – i.e., rules and the way in which these rules are practised – independently and symbiotically drive complementor dedication. We test these hypotheses using survey data from 181 complementors. Our findings show that complementors become more dedicated to a platform owner, the more adequate they perceive the rules to be. Furthermore, our findings suggest two sensible strategies to actualise the potential of adequate rules. Platform owners should either refrain entirely from practising rules with situational flexibility and benevolence, thereby achieving moderate complementor dedication. Alternatively, they should practice rules with both flexibility and benevolence at the same time, thereby maximising complementor dedication. Our findings contribute to the literature on platform governance and broader governance literature.