We investigate legal concerns in privacy calculus, which are currently not given enough attention in privacy research. Legal aspects can lead to liability issues in various information systems scenarios such as bring your own device (BYOD) in the workplace. To analyze the impact of legal concerns in privacy calculus, we conducted a quantitative study by surveying 542 employees from three countries: United States, Germany, and South Korea. Building on our research model to test our hypothesized relationships, structural equation modeling was employed. Our findings provide recommendations for multinational organizations to mitigate legal concerns in privacy calculus. A comparison of the three countries reveals that employees from the United States and South Korea place greater emphasis on legal concerns compared to German employees. We develop an understanding of employees’ concerns with liability issues, and how these affect their privacy calculus in a BYOD context.

Without an integrated model of how the human brain works and processes information, artificial intelligence (AI) will remain a mysterious black box that can misfire as circumstances change. An integrated study of the three cognitive computing components (AI, cognitive psychology, and neurobiology) is necessary to create explainable AI findings. This paper introduces cognitive computing systems (CCS) as a domain for information systems (IS) research. It reviews the interdisciplinary implications of CCS concepts by developing a new computational method, knowledge similarity transformation (KST), to improve digital-augmented literature analysis in fragmented knowledge areas. Based on the dual CCS and KST contribution, this article outlines strategic implications for organizational value creation opportunities and future research directions from a technological, psychological, and physiological perspective.