Information and communication technology (ICT) brings about numerous advantages across various domains of our lives. However, alongside these benefits, there is a growing awareness of its potential negative ethical, social, and environmental impacts. Consequently, stakeholders ranging from conceptual modellers to policy makers often find themselves grappling with ethical considerations stemming from ICT engineering and usage. This paper presents a review of 10 ethical reasoning methods suitable for the ICT domain. We have employed a method engineering technique to author metamodels for the methods, which were subsequently subjected to validation by experts proficient in the respective methods. Following a situational method engineering approach, we have also characterised each ethical reasoning method and validated the characterisation with the experts. This has allowed us to develop a tool that helps select the method that is most suitable for a given ethical reasoning situation. Furthermore, we deliberate on the practical application of ethical reasoning methods within conceptual modelling contexts. We are confident that we have laid the groundwork for further research into ethical reasoning of ICT, with a specific emphasis on its role during conceptual modelling.

Companies need to rethink business processes, infrastructures, technologies, staff, etc. according to new demands, strategic goals, and changes in their environment. Information System evolution has been supported by the reengineering process. Since the models are now part of an increasing number of engineering processes and model-driven software development is a well-established paradigm to support information systems, the reengineering process could be improved with the incorporation of the model-driven development paradigm. This paper presents a model-driven organisational reengineering framework to support organisational improvement. The main idea is to get the most out of the existing proposals in model-driven development for the reengineering process (reverse engineering, improvement processes, and forward processes). Methods, techniques, model-driven tools, and perspectives for analysing information systems at a high level of abstraction are presented as a part of this proposal. A reference framework for the reengineering process is established to provide a consistent set of concepts that support the proposed framework. An illustrative example is introduced to present the feasibility of the proposal. The example illustrates the SuperStationery Co. case in order to present a reengineering process to align an existing desk application with a web application that fulfils the strategic goals of the company. Finally, we conclude with an analysis and discussion about lessons learned and future works.