In this paper, we explore the ability of large language models (LLMs) to generate word definitions for newly invented words in Spanish through the task of Unknown Definition Modeling. The main goal of our study is to determine the extent to which LLMs can abstract meaning from context and compare the performance of different models for this task. To conduct our analysis, we created a dataset of 20 made-up words, usage examples, and their definitions in Spanish. We then evaluated several LLMs, including OpenAI GPT-3.5-turbo, OpenAI GPT-3, and Google Flan-T5, using automatic evaluation based on cosine similarity of sentence embeddings and qualitative human evaluation on a 4-point Likert scale. Our findings indicate that larger models tend to generate better definitions than smaller models, with the performance of the models generally aligning with their size. This study contributes to our understanding of LLMs' strengths and weaknesses in generating definitions for unknown words, and offers valuable insights for future research and applications in natural language processing.

Words can shift their meaning across time. This case study shows the results obtained by the exploratory analysis of the semantic shifting on Spanish vocabulary using Diachronic Words Embeddings. Diachronic data consists of a 2018 Spanish corpus, before the COVID-19 outbreak, and a second corpus with documents from 2021. We focused on the semantic shift of three of the topics: COVID-19, masks and vaccines. This paper addresses the construction of the diachronic Spanish word embeddings model, as well as the results obtained by the analysis using a non-supervised distance vector technique. The results allowed to identify shifts related to increase in COVID-19 content.

This article exposes the way in which the creation of a new method for calculating the popularity of stake holders in social networks can support political data analysis experts. The definition of a new formula for estimating popularity allowed us to have a new method that, together with other previously existing ones, allows us to build a multidimensional interpretation of reality. The construction of a method that would seem like a computational scientific curiosity has significant impacts for experts who carry out political analysis. The new ranking algorithm called BOPRank made it possible to identify political actors in a different way than known algorithms. While a wellknown algorithm showed popularity as a result of the work of campaign teams on social networks, the new algorithm reflected popularity obtained as a result of the reaction of the public on social networks.

Two deep neural network models were compared in the task of polarity classification in Spanish text retrieved from social networks. For each model accuracy, precision, recall and F1 was calculated over a particular corpus. Also, the effect of adding gaussian noise on the inputs over the classifier results was evaluated.