Federated learning (FL) is a machine learning technique in which a large number of clients collaborate to train models without sharing private data. However, FL’s integrity is vulnerable to unreliable models; for instance, data poisoning attacks can compromise the system. In addition, system preferences and resource disparities preclude fair participation by reliable clients. To address this challenge, we propose a novel client selection strategy that introduces a security‐fairness value to measure client performance in FL. The value in question is a composite metric that combines a security score and a fairness score. The former is dynamically calculated from a beta distribution reflecting past performance, while the latter considers the client’s participation frequency in the aggregation process. The weighting strategy based on the deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) determines these scores. Experimental results confirm that our method fairly effectively selects reliable clients and maintains the security and fairness of the FL system.

Federated learning (FL) has shown promise in smart industries as a means of training machine-learning models while preserving privacy. However, it contradicts FL’s low communication latency requirement to rely on the cloud to transmit information with data owners in model training tasks. Furthermore, data owners may not be willing to contribute their resources for free. To address this, we propose a single contract to dual contract approach to incentivize both model owners and workers to participate in FL-based machine learning tasks. The single-contract incentivizes model owners to contribute their model parameters, and the dual contract incentivizes workers to use their latest data to participate in the training task. The latest data draw out the trade-off between data quantity and data update frequency. Performance evaluation shows that our dual contract satisfies different preferences for data quantity and update frequency, and validates that the proposed incentive mechanism is incentive compatible and flexible.

Federated learning (FL) has emerged as a promising framework for collaborative machine learning, allowing the training of machine learning models on distributed devices without centralizing sensitive data. However, FL falls short in terms of fairness, as each client receives the same model regardless of their individual contributions. This unfairness discourages active client participation in FL. To address this challenge, we propose a contribution‐based differentiated global model mechanism. Specifically, we introduce the contribution score as a metric to assess client contributions in FL and utilize deep Q‐networks (DQN) to dynamically update the contribution scores. Subsequently, we allocate clients to different clusters based on their contributions by using a clustering algorithm, where each cluster is associated with a distinct global model. This mechanism encourages clients to make greater contributions for improved global models. Experimental results confirm the effectiveness of our approach in enhancing fairness in FL.