Live-streaming services have attracted widespread popularity due to their real-time interactivity and entertainment value. Users can engage with live-streaming authors by participating in live chats, posting likes, or sending virtual gifts to convey their preferences and support. However, the live-streaming services faces serious data-sparsity problem, which can be attributed to the following two points: (1) User's valuable behaviors are usually sparse, e.g., like, comment and gift, which are easily overlooked by the model, making it difficult to describe user's personalized preference. (2) The main exposure content on our platform is short-video, which is 9 times higher than the exposed live-streaming, leading to the inability of live-streaming content to fully model user preference. To this end, we propose a Frequency-Aware Model for Cross-Domain Live-Streaming Recommendation, termed as FARM. Specifically, we first present the intra-domain frequency aware module to enable our model to perceive user's sparse yet valuable behaviors, i.e., high-frequency information, supported by the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT). To transfer user preference across the short-video and live-streaming domains, we propose a novel preference align before fuse strategy, which consists of two parts: the cross-domain preference align module to align user preference in both domains with contrastive learning, and the cross-domain preference fuse module to further fuse user preference in both domains using a serious of tailor-designed attention mechanisms. Extensive offline experiments and online A/B testing on Kuaishou live-streaming services demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of FARM. Our FARM has been deployed in online live-streaming services and currently serves hundreds of millions of users on Kuaishou.

Multi-behavior sequential recommendation (MBSR) aims to learn the dynamic and heterogeneous interactions of users' multi-behavior sequences, so as to capture user preferences under target behavior for the next interacted item prediction. Unlike previous methods that adopt unidirectional modeling by mapping auxiliary behaviors to target behavior, recent concerns are shifting from behavior-fixed to behavior-specific recommendation. However, these methods still ignore the user's latent preference that underlying decision-making, leading to suboptimal solutions. Meanwhile, due to the asymmetric deterministic between items and behaviors, discriminative paradigm based on preference scoring is unsuitable to capture the uncertainty from low-entropy behaviors to high-entropy items, failing to provide efficient and diverse recommendation. To address these challenges, we propose FatsMB, a framework based diffusion model that guides preference generation From Behavior-Agnostic To Behavior-Specific in latent spaces, enabling diverse and accurate Multi-Behavior Sequential Recommendation. Specifically, we design a Multi-Behavior AutoEncoder (MBAE) to construct a unified user latent preference space, facilitating interaction and collaboration across Behaviors, within Behavior-aware RoPE (BaRoPE) employed for multiple information fusion. Subsequently, we conduct target behavior-specific preference transfer in the latent space, enriching with informative priors. A Multi-Condition Guided Layer Normalization (MCGLN) is introduced for the denoising. Extensive experiments on real-world datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our model. We release our code at https://github.com/OrchidViolet/FatsMB.

User cold-start problem is a long-standing challenge in recommendation systems. Fortunately, cross-domain recommendation (CDR) has emerged as a highly effective remedy for the user cold-start challenge, with recently developed diffusion models (DMs) demonstrating exceptional performance. However, these DMs-based CDR methods focus on dealing with user-item interactions, overlooking correlations between items across the source and target domains. Meanwhile, the Gaussian noise added in the forward process of diffusion models would hurt user's personalized preference, leading to the difficulty in transferring user preference across domains. To this end, we propose a novel paradigm of Smoothing-Sharpening Process Model for CDR to cold-start users, termed as S2CDR which features a corruption-recovery architecture and is solved with respect to ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Specifically, the smoothing process gradually corrupts the original user-item/item-item interaction matrices derived from both domains into smoothed preference signals in a noise-free manner, and the sharpening process iteratively sharpens the preference signals to recover the unknown interactions for cold-start users. Wherein, for the smoothing process, we introduce the heat equation on the item-item similarity graph to better capture the correlations between items across domains, and further build the tailor-designed low-pass filter to filter out the high-frequency noise information for capturing user's intrinsic preference, in accordance with the graph signal processing (GSP) theory. Extensive experiments on three real-world CDR scenarios confirm that our S2CDR significantly outperforms previous SOTA methods in a training-free manner.

Multi-domain knowledge graph completion (MKGC) aims to improve missing triple prediction in a target KG by transferring knowledge from other support KGs. Existing methods typically enforce consistency constraints on equivalent entities across KGs to transfer knowledge, which risks suppressing domain-specific contextual information of entities. This design can also compromise entity representation information from all KG domains, impeding performance improvements, especially in low-resource data scenarios. To address this, we pioneer a generation-based paradigm for MKGC and propose DMKGC, a conditional diffusion-guided knowledge transfer framework. Our key insight is to treat each KG as a partial view of the entity entire information, and generate informative domain-general entity embeddings through diffusion models conditioned on support KGs. Particularly, we first initialize domain-agnostic entity embeddings as prior entity embeddings, and then encode them within individual KGs. Afterward, we fuse equivalent entities from support KGs as the conditional diffusion generation guidance. We leverage the prior entity embeddings as the proxy generation objective, which ensures this conditional generation to be unbiased towards any conditioned KGs. Simultaneously, we also train the generated embeddings to be predictive across KGs, thus preserving domain-specific information. Extensive experiments on 14 KGs in 3 benchmarks demonstrate a 4.3% average MRR improvement in tail entity prediction over state-of-the-art methods, with sustained gains in low-resource data settings.

Generalized Category Discovery (GCD) is a critical task in open-world computing scenarios, aiming to automatically classify partially labeled data by recognizing both known and novel categories. However, existing GCD methods usually suffer from inherent bias toward known categories due to the exclusive pre-training on them and the absence of labeled data of novel categories. This bias can lead to significant misclassification and clustering errors for novel categories. Although recent approaches leverage pseudo-label training and contrastive learning to address this, they still lack explicit supervision to disentangle novel and known categories, resulting in performance bottlenecks. To address these limitations, we propose an Expectation-Maximization-driven Contrastive Disentanglement (EMCD) framework designed to explicitly disentangle novel and known categories. We particularly formulate the identification of novel categories as a latent variable estimation problem. Specifically, it incorporates an EM-disentangling regularization to softly identify novel category samples and a consistency regularization to enhance generalization. In addition, we leverage dual contrastive constraints, including a cluster-sample contrastive constraint and a sample-sample contrastive contrastive, to pull close samples of novel categories while pushing apart ambiguous samples near decision boundaries. Empirical results on 3 commonly used datasets demonstrate that our model is effective and outperforms previous state-of-the-art methods. Our code is available at https://github.com/YWY-only/EMCD.

Cross-domain recommendation (CDR) has demon-strated to be an effective solution for alleviating the user cold-start issue. By leveraging rich user-item interactions available in a richly informative source domain, CDR could improve the recommendation performance for cold-start users in the target domain. Previous CDR approaches mostly adhere the Embedding and Mapping (EMCDR) paradigm, which learns a user-shared mapping function to transfer users' preference from the source domain to the target domain, neglecting users' personalized preference. Recent CDR approaches further leverage the meta-learning paradigm, considering the CDR task for each user independently and learning user-specific mapping functions for each user. However, they mostly learn representations for each user individually, which ignores the common preference between different users, neglecting valuable information for CDR. In addition, all these approaches usually summarize the user's preference into an overall representation, which can hardly capture the user's multi-interest preference. To this end, we propose a personalized multi-interest modeling framework for CDR to cold-start users, termed as NF-NPCDR. Specifically, we propose a personalized preference encoder that enhances the neural process (NP) with the normalizing flow (NF) to convert the Gaussian (unimodal) distribution to a multimodal distribution, providing a novel way to capture the user's personalized multi-interest preference. Then, we propose a common preference encoder with a preference pool to capture the common preference between different users. Furthermore, we introduce a stochastic adaptive decoder to incorporate both the personalized and common preference for cold-start users, adaptively modulating both preference for better recommendation. Experimental evalu-ations demonstrate that NF-NPCDR outperforms previous SOTA approaches in five benchmark CDR scenarios.

Cross-domain recommendation (CDR) has been proven as a promising way to alleviate the cold-start issue, in which the most critical problem is how to draw an informative user representation in the target domain via the transfer of user preference existing in the source domain. Prior efforts mostly follow the embedding-and-mapping paradigm, which first integrate the preference into user representation in the source domain, and then perform a mapping function on this representation to the target domain. However, they focus on mapping features across domains, neglecting to explicitly model the preference integration process, which may lead to learning coarse user representation. Diffusion models (DMs), which contribute to more accurate user/item representations due to their explicit information injection capability, have achieved promising performance in recommendation systems. Nevertheless, these DMs-based methods cannot directly account for valuable user preference in other domains, leading to challenges in adapting to the transfer of preference for cold-start users. Consequently, the feasibility of DMs for CDR remains underexplored. To this end, we explore to utilize the explicit information injection capability of DMs for user preference integration and propose a Preference-Guided Diffusion Model for CDR to cold-start users, termed as DMCDR. Specifically, we leverage a preference encoder to establish the preference guidance signal with the user's interaction history in the source domain. Then, we explicitly inject the preference guidance signal into the user representation step by step to guide the reverse process, and ultimately generate the personalized user representation in the target domain, thus achieving the transfer of user preference across domains. Furthermore, we comprehensively explore the impact of six DMs-based variants on CDR. Extensive experiments on three real-world CDR scenarios demonstrate the superiority of our DMCDR over SOTA methods and six DMs-based variants.

Multi-Modal Entity Alignment (MMEA) aims to retrieve equivalent entities from different Multi-Modal Knowledge Graphs (MMKGs), a critical information retrieval task.Existing studies have explored various fusion paradigms and consistency constraints to improve the alignment of equivalent entities, while overlooking that the visual modality may not always contribute positively.Empirically, entities with low-similarity images usually generate unsatisfactory performance, highlighting the limitation of overly relying on visual features.We believe the model can be biased toward the visual modality, leading to a shortcut image-matching task.To address this, we propose a counterfactual debiasing framework for MMEA, termed CDMEA, which investigates visual modality bias from a causal perspective.Our approach aims to leverage both visual and graph modalities to enhance MMEA while suppressing the direct causal effect of the visual modality on model predictions.By estimating the Total Effect (TE) of both modalities and excluding the Natural Direct Effect (NDE) of the visual modality, we ensure that the model predicts based on the Total Indirect Effect (TIE), * Corresponding author.

Dynamics modeling has been introduced as a novel paradigm in message passing (MP) of graph neural networks (GNNs). Existing methods consider MP between nodes as a heat diffusion process, and leverage heat equation to model the temporal evolution of nodes in the embedding space. However, heat equation can hardly depict the wave nature of graph signals in graph signal processing. Besides, heat equation is essentially a partial differential equation (PDE) involving a first partial derivative of time, whose numerical solution usually has low stability, and leads to inefficient model training. In this paper, we would like to depict more wave details in MP, since graph signals are essentially wave signals that can be seen as a superposition of a series of waves in the form of eigenvector. This motivates us to consider MP as a wave propagation process to capture the temporal evolution of wave signals in the space. Based on wave equation in physics, we innovatively develop a graph wave equation to leverage the wave propagation on graphs. In details, we demonstrate that the graph wave equation can be connected to traditional spectral GNNs, facilitating the design of graph wave networks (GWNs) based on various Laplacians and enhancing the performance of the spectral GNNs. Besides, the graph wave equation is particularly a PDE involving a second partial derivative of time, which has stronger stability on graphs than the heat equation that involves a first partial derivative of time. Additionally, we theoretically prove that the numerical solution derived from the graph wave equation are constantly stable, enabling to significantly enhance model efficiency while ensuring its performance. Extensive experiments show that GWNs achieve state-of-the-art and efficient performance on benchmark datasets, and exhibit outstanding performance in addressing challenging graph problems, such as over-smoothing and heterophily. Our code is available at https://github.com/YueAWu/Graph-Wave-Networks.

Despite the notable progress achieved by large-scale vision-language pre-training models in a wide range of multi-modal tasks, their performance often falls short in image-text matching challenges that require an in-depth understanding of structured representations. For instance, when distinguishing between texts or images that are generally similar but have distinct structured knowledge (such as entities and relationships in text, or objects and object attributes in images), the model's capabilities are limited. In this paper, we propose a advancing Multi-modal Structured Knowledge Representation with synergistic hard negative samples (MSKR), thereby significantly improving the model's matching capability for such data. Specifically, our model comprises a structured knowledge-enhanced encoder designed to bolster the structured knowledge inherent in textual data, such as entities, their attributes, and the relationships among these entities as well as structured knowledge within images, focusing on elements like objects and their attributes. To further refine the model's learning process, we produce both image and text challenging negative samples. Extensive experimental evaluations on the Winoground, InpaintCOCO, and MSCOCO benchmark reveal that MSKR significantly outperforms the baseline model, showcasing marked improvements 2.66% on average in structured representation learning compared to the baseline. Moreover, general representation results illustrate that our model not only excels in structured representation learning but also maintains its proficiency in general representation learning.

Low-resource Complex Named Entity Recognition aims to detect entities with the form of any linguistic constituent under scenarios with limited manually annotated data. Existing studies augment the text through the substitution of same type entities or language modeling, but suffer from the lower quality and the limited entity context patterns within low-resource corpora. In this paper, we propose a novel data augmentation method E2DA from both exogenous and endogenous perspectives. As for exogenous augmentation, we treat the limited manually annotated data as anchors, and leverage the powerful instruction-following capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) to expand the anchors by generating data that are highly dissimilar from the original anchor texts in terms of entity mentions and contexts. As regards the endogenous augmentation, we explore diverse semantic directions in the implicit feature space of the original and expanded anchors for effective data augmentation. Our complementary augmentation method from two perspectives not only continuously expands the global text-level space, but also fully explores the local semantic space for more diverse data augmentation. Extensive experiments on 10 diverse datasets across various low-resource settings demonstrate that the proposed method excels significantly over prior state-of-the-art data augmentation methods.

Cross-domain recommendation (CDR) has been proven as a promising way to tackle the user cold-start problem, which aims to make recommendations for users in the target domain by transferring the user preference derived from the source domain. Traditional CDR studies follow the embedding and mapping (EMCDR) paradigm, which transfers user representations from the source to target domain by learning a user-shared mapping function, neglecting the user-specific preference. Recent CDR studies attempt to learn user-specific mapping functions in meta-learning paradigm, which regards each user's CDR as an individual task, but neglects the preference correlations among users, limiting the beneficial information for user representations. Moreover, both of the paradigms neglect the explicit user-item interactions from both domains during the mapping process. To address the above issues, this paper proposes a novel CDR framework with neural process (NP), termed as CDRNP. Particularly, it develops the meta-learning paradigm to leverage user-specific preference, and further introduces a stochastic process by NP to capture the preference correlations among the overlapping and cold-start users, thus generating more powerful mapping functions by mapping the user-specific preference and common preference correlations to a predictive probability distribution. In addition, we also introduce a preference remainer to enhance the common preference from the overlapping users, and finally devises an adaptive conditional decoder with preference modulation to make prediction for cold-start users with items in the target domain. Experimental results demonstrate that CDRNP outperforms previous SOTA methods in three real-world CDR scenarios.

Graph contrastive learning (GCL) has recently achieved substantial advancements. Existing GCL approaches compare two different “views“ of the same graph in order to learn node/graph representations. The underlying assumption of these studies is that the graph augmentation strategy is capable of generating several different graph views such that the graph views are structurally different but semantically similar to the original graphs, and thus the ground-truth labels of the original and augmented graph/nodes can be regarded identical in contrastive learning. However, we observe that this assumption does not always hold. For instance, the deletion of a supernode within a social network can exert a substantial influence on the partitioning of communities for other nodes. Similarly, any perturbation to nodes or edges in a molecular graph will change the labels of the graph. Therefore, we believe that augmenting the graph, accompanied by an adaptation of the labels used for the contrastive loss, will facilitate the encoder to learn a better representation. Based on this idea, we propose ID-MixGCL, which allows the simultaneous interpolation of input nodes and corresponding identity labels to obtain soft-confidence samples, with a controllable degree of change, leading to the capture of fine-grained representations from self-supervised training on unlabeled graphs. Experimental results demonstrate that ID-MixGCL improves performance on graph classification and node classification tasks, as demonstrated by significant improvements on the Cora, IMDB-B, IMDB-M, and PROTEINS datasets compared to state-of-the-art techniques, by 3-29parcent absolute points. The dataset and source code can be found at: https://github.com/zhanggehang/ID-MIXGCL.

The multi-modal entity alignment (MMEA) aims to find all equivalent entity pairs between multi-modal knowledge graphs (MMKGs). Rich attributes and neighboring entities are valuable for the alignment task, but existing works ignore contextual gap problems that the aligned entities have different numbers of attributes on specific modality when learning entity representations. In this paper, we propose a novel attribute-consistent knowledge graph representation learning framework for MMEA (ACK-MMEA) to compensate the contextual gaps through incorporating consistent alignment knowledge. Attribute-consistent KGs (ACKGs) are first constructed via multi-modal attribute uniformization with merge and generate operators so that each entity has one and only one uniform feature in each modality. The ACKGs are then fed into a relation-aware graph neural network with random dropouts, to obtain aggregated relation representations and robust entity representations. In order to evaluate the ACK-MMEA facilitated for entity alignment, we specially design a joint alignment loss for both entity and attribute evaluation. Extensive experiments conducted on two benchmark datasets show that our approach achieves excellent performance compared to its competitors.

Event detection in power systems aims to identify triggers and event types, which helps relevant personnel respond to emergencies promptly and facilitates the optimization of power supply strategies. However, the limited length of short electrical record texts causes severe information sparsity, and numerous domain-specific terminologies of power systems makes it difficult to transfer knowledge from language models pre-trained on general-domain texts. Traditional event detection approaches primarily focus on the general domain and ignore these two problems in the power system domain. To address the above issues, we propose a Multi-Channel graph neural network utilizing Type information for Event Detection in power systems, named MC-TED , leveraging a semantic channel and a topological channel to enrich information interaction from short texts. Concretely, the semantic channel refines textual representations with semantic similarity, building the semantic information interaction among potential event-related words. The topological channel generates a relation-type-aware graph modeling word dependencies, and a word-type-aware graph integrating part-of-speech tags. To further reduce errors worsened by professional terminologies in type analysis, a type learning mechanism is designed for updating the representations of both the word type and relation type in the topological channel. In this way, the information sparsity and professional term occurrence problems can be alleviated by enabling interaction between topological and semantic information. Furthermore, to address the lack of labeled data in power systems, we built a Chinese event detection dataset based on electrical Power Event texts, named PoE . In experiments, our model achieves compelling results not only on the PoE dataset, but on general-domain event detection datasets including ACE 2005 and MAVEN.

Cross-Domain Sequential Recommendation (CDSR) aims to predict future interactions based on user's historical sequential interactions from multiple domains. Generally, a key challenge of CDSR is how to mine precise cross-domain user preference based on the intra-sequence and inter-sequence item interactions. Existing works first learn single-domain user preference only with intra-sequence item interactions, and then build a transferring module to obtain cross-domain user preference. However, such a pipeline and implicit solution can be severely limited by the bottleneck of the designed transferring module, and ignores to consider inter-sequence item relationships.

Recommender systems have been widely deployed in many real-world applications, but usually suffer from the long-standing user cold-start problem. As a promising way, Cross-Domain Recommendation (CDR) has attracted a surge of inter-est, which aims to transfer the user preferences observed in the source domain to make recommendations in the target domain. Previous CDR approaches mostly achieve the goal by following the Embedding and Mapping (EMCDR) idea which attempts to learn a mapping function to transfer the pre-trained user repre-sentations (embeddings) from the source domain into the target domain. However, they pre-train the user/item representations independently for each domain, ignoring to consider both domain interactions simultaneously. Therefore, the biased pre-trained representations inevitably involve the domain-specific information which may lead to negative impact to transfer information across domains. In this work, we consider a key point of the CDR task: what information needs to be shared across domains? To achieve the above idea, this paper utilizes the information bottleneck (IB) principle, and proposes a novel approach termed as CDRIB to enforce the representations encoding the domain-shared information. To derive the unbiased representations, we devise two IB regularizers to model the cross-domain/in-domain user-item interactions simultaneously and thereby CDRIB could consider both domain interactions jointly for de-biasing. With an additional contrastive information regularizer, CDRIB can also capture cross-domain user-user correlations. In this way, those regularizers encourage the representations to encode the domain-shared information, which has the capability to make recommendations in both domains directly. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first work to capture the domain-shared information for cold-start users via variational information bottleneck. Empirical experiments illustrate that CDRIB outperforms the state-of-the-art approaches on four real-world cross-domain datasets, demonstrating the effectiveness of adopting the information bottleneck for CDR.

In few-shot relational triple extraction (FS-RTE), one seeks to extract relational triples from plain texts by utilizing only few annotated samples. Recent work first extracts all entities and then classifies their relations. Such an entity-then-relation paradigm ignores the entity discrepancy between relations. To address it, we propose a novel task decomposition strategy, Relation-then-Entity, for FS-RTE. It first detects relations occurred in a sentence and then extracts the corresponding head/tail entities of the detected relations. To instantiate this strategy, we further propose a model, RelATE, which builds a dual-level attention to aggregate relation-relevant information to detect the relation occurrence and utilizes the annotated samples of the detected relations to extract the corresponding head/tail entities. Experimental results show that our model outperforms previous work by an absolute gain (18.98%, 28.85% in F1 in two few-shot settings).

Event detection (ED) is a pivotal task for information retrieval, which aims at identifying event triggers and classifying them into pre-defined event types. In real-world applications, events are usually annotated with numerous fine-grained types, which often arises long-tail type nature and co-occurrence event nature. Existing studies explore the event correlations without full utilization, which may limit the capability of event detection. This paper simultaneously incorporates both the type-level and instance-level event correlations, and proposes a novel framework, termed as CorED. Specifically, we devise an adaptive graph-based type encoder to capture instance-level correlations, learning type representations not only from their training data but also from their relevant types, thus leading to more informative type representations especially for the low-resource types. Besides, we devise an instance interactive decoder to capture instance-level correlations, which predicts event instance types conditioned on the contextual typed event instances, leveraging co-occurrence events as remarkable evidence in prediction. We conduct experiments on two public benchmarks, MAVEN and ACE-2005 dataset. Empirical results demonstrate the unity of both type-level and instance-level correlations, and the model achieves effectiveness performance on both benchmarks.

The cross-device user matching task is to identify the behavior-logs (i.e., behavior sequences) on multiple devices that belong to one real person. Due to its anonymous and long-term properties, most previous methods of learning behavior embeddings cannot effectively capture two important features in the sequences, namely high-order connections and long-range dependencies. To this end, we propose a novel framework called Two-tier Graph Contextual Embedding (TGCE) to solve the above problems simultaneously. In the first tier, we construct behavior evolutionary graphs (BEGs) for behavior sequences and design an order-preserving neighbor aggregation network to collectively model transitions of behaviors with their neighbors. As repeated behaviors can be grouped into single nodes, our model joints neighboring environments around behaviors in a collective way, and behavior embeddings can be enriched. In the second tier, we further build scaled shortcut graphs (SSGs) by refining BEGs with random walk-based edge addition, then a position-aware graph attention network is further imposed on SSGs to facilitate fast information propagation. As distant graph nodes can be directly connected by shortcut edges, we can further capture long-range dependencies. By stacking two graph tiers, our approach can obtain graph contextual embeddings for behaviors to further improve user matching. Experimental results on the benchmark dataset show that our model outperforms various baselines in the user matching task. Our code is released on https://github.com/13061051/TGCE_2021.

Script event prediction (SEP) aims to choose a correct subsequent event from a candidate list, given a chain of ordered context events. Event representation learning has been proposed and successfully applied to this task. Most previous methods learning representations mainly focus on coarse-grained connections at event or chain level, while ignoring more fine-grained connections between events. Here we propose a novel framework which can enhance the representation learning of events by mining their connections at multiple granularity levels, including argument level, event level and chain level. In our method, we first employ a masked self-attention mechanism to model the relations between the components of events (i.e. arguments). Then, a directed graph convolutional network is further utilized to model the temporal or causal relations between events in the chain. Finally, we introduce an attention module to the context event chain, so as to dynamically aggregate context events with respect to the current candidate event. By fusing threefold connections in a unified framework, our approach can learn more accurate argument/event/chain representations, and thus leads to better prediction performance. Comprehensive experiment results on public New York Times corpus demonstrate that our model outperforms other state-of-the-art baselines. Our code is available in https://github.com/YueAWu/MCer.

Open Information Extraction (OIE), the task aimed at discovering all textual facts organized in the form of (subject, predicate, object) found within a sentence, has gained much attention recently. However, in some knowledge-driven applications such as question answering, we often have a target entity and hope to obtain its structured factual knowledge for better understanding, instead of extracting all possible facts aimlessly from the corpus. In this paper, we define a new task, namely Semi-Open Information Extraction (SOIE), to address this need. The goal of SOIE is to discover domain-independent facts towards a particular entity from general and diverse web text. To facilitate research on this new task, we propose a large-scale human-annotated benchmark called SOIED, consisting of 61,984 facts for 8,013 subject entities annotated on 24,000 Chinese sentences collected from the web search engine.