Optimizing maritime operations, particularly fuel consumption for vessels, is crucial, considering its significant share in global trade. As fuel consumption is closely related to the shaft power of a vessel, predicting shaft power accurately is a crucial problem that requires careful consideration to minimize costs and emissions. Traditional approaches, which incorporate empirical formulas, often struggle to model dynamic conditions, such as sea conditions or fouling on vessels. In this paper, we present a hybrid, physics-guided neural network-based approach that utilizes empirical formulas within the network to combine the advantages of both neural networks and traditional techniques. We evaluate the presented method using data obtained from four similar-sized cargo vessels and compare the results with those of a baseline neural network and a traditional approach that employs empirical formulas. The experimental results demonstrate that the physics-guided neural network approach achieves lower mean absolute error, root mean square error, and mean absolute percentage error for all tested vessels compared to both the empirical formula-based method and the base neural network.

The fast development of Large Language Models (LLMs) has made transformative applications in several fields attainable or possible. However, language models must often be more effective in specialized areas, especially health and prevention. This paper presents a novel method for fine-tuning LLMs using activity-related data to optimize them for the applicability of such models in health and wellbeing applications. We thus empirically evaluate this approach on the Cardiac Exercise Research corpus for fine-tuning the LLMs. The fine-tuning utilizes Quantized Low-Rank Adaptation (QLoRA) to ensure the models’ size remains small while maintaining high performance and accuracy to keep the semantic understanding and relevance with health-related queries. Our results in answering domain-related prompts showed an improved user satisfaction and sentiment scores, providing strong confidence in the method’s effectiveness. This study highlights the potential of domain-specific LLMs in advancing personalized healthcare. It instills a sense of optimism about the future of healthcare and the seamless integration of AI within health prevention and well-being domains.

Recently, studies in the field of Natural Language Processing and its related applications continue to mount up. Machine learning is proven to be predominantly data-driven in the sense that generic model building methods are used and then tailored to specific application domains. Needless to say, this has proven to be a very effective approach in modeling the complicated data dependencies we frequently experience in practice, making very few assumptions, and allowing the information to talk for themselves. Examples of these applications can be found in chemical process engineering, climate science, healthcare, and linguistic processing systems for natural languages, to name a few. Text classification is one of the important machine learning tasks that is used in many digital applications today; such as in document filtering, search engines, document management systems, and many more. Text classification is the process of categorizing of text documents into a given set of labels. Furthermore, multi-label text classification is the task of categorization of text documents into one or more labels simultaneously. Over the years, many methods for classifying text documents have been proposed, including the popularly known bag of words (BoW) method, support vector machine (SVM), tree induction, and label-vector embedding, to mention a few. These kinds of tools can be used in many digital applications, such as document filtering, search engines, document management systems, etc. Lately, deep learning-based approaches are getting more attention, especially in extreme multi-label text classification case. Deep learning has proven to be one of the major solutions to many machine learning applications, especially those involving high-dimensional and unstructured data. However, it is of paramount importance in many applications to be able to reason accurately about the uncertainties associated with the predictions of the models. In this paper, we explore and compare the recent deep learning-based methods for multi-label text classification. We investigate two scenarios. First, multi-label classification model with ordinary embedding layer, and second with Glove, word2vec, and FastText as pre-trained embedding corpus for the given models. We evaluated these different neural network model performances in terms of multi-label evaluation metrics for the two approaches, and compare the results with the previous studies.