We propose a space-efficient index, called τλ-index, for locating rare patterns among similar strings, which has potential usage in drug discovery. Experiments are conducted on real data to compare our index with the state-of-the-art r-index.

The run-length compressed Burrows-Wheeler transform (RLBWT) used in conjunction with the backward search introduced in the FM index is the centerpiece of most com-pressed indexes working on highly-repetitive data sets like biological sequences. Compared to grammar indexes, the size of the RLBWT is often much bigger, but queries like counting the occurrences of long patterns can be done much faster than on any existing grammar index so far. In this paper, we combine the virtues of a grammar with the RLBWT by building the RLBWT on top of a special grammar based on induced suffix sorting. Our experiments reveal that our hybrid approach outperforms the classic RLBWT with respect to the index sizes, and with respect to query times on biological data sets for sufficiently long patterns, which could be interesting for aligning long reads in bioinformatics.