The Few-Shot Fine-Grained Multimodal Named Entity Recognition task (FewFMNER) aims to recognize the named entities and their fine-grained types in the text based on the social multimedia content of images and texts. With limited labeled data, FewFMNER can more accurately understand the semantics of multimodal content and support downstream applications in social networks. However, as the number of fine-grained types increases, two challenges will arise: (1) Entity boundary ambiguity and concept misjudgment. (2) Semantic confusion exists in fine-grained types. Therefore, we propose a novel Multi-agent Concept Check and Dual-path Reasoning (MCCDR) framework: (1) Entity boundary detection: Recognize named entities and filter concepts to obtain candidate named entity boundaries. (2) Entity type classification: Use dual-path reasoning and type definition to alleviate semantic confusion, and utilize a self-consistency strategy to fuse (entity, fine-grained type) pairs from two perspectives. The experiment results on the Twitter FMNERG dataset show that MCCDR is 6% to 10% higher than the baseline and achieves state-of-the-art results on the FewFMNER task.

Heuristic algorithms have been developed to find approximate solutions for high-utility itemset mining (HUIM) problems that compensate for the performance bottlenecks of exact algorithms. However, heuristic algorithms still face the problem of long runtime and insufficient mining quality, especially for large transaction datasets with thousands to tens of thousands of items and up to millions of transactions. To solve these problems, a novel GPU-based efficient parallel heuristic algorithm for HUIM (PHA-HUIM) is proposed in this paper. The iterative process of PHA-HUIM consists of three main steps: the search strategy, fitness evaluation, and ring topology communication. The search strategy and ring topology communication are designed to run in constant time on GPU. The parallelism of fitness evolution helps to substantially accelerate the algorithm. To improve the mining quality, a multi-start strategy with an unbalanced allocation strategy is employed in the search process. Ring topology communication is adopted to maintain population diversity. A load balancing strategy is introduced to reduce the thread divergence to improve the parallel efficiency. The experimental results on nine large datasets show that PHA-HUIM outperforms state-of-the-art HUIM algorithms in terms of speedup performance, runtime, and mining quality.

Bayesian network structure learning (BNSL) from data is an NP-hard problem. Genetic algorithms are powerful for solving combinatorial optimization problems, but the lack of effective guidance results in slow convergence and low accuracy regarding BNSL. To address this problem, we propose a mutual information (MI) guided genetic algorithm (MIGA) for BNSL in this paper, which uses MI to effectively search BN structures. In the initialization phase of MIGA, the population is generated by adding additional constraints based on MI to reach a higher score without losing diversity. By employing normalized MI and defining the population support, the potential dominance in the population can be identified and then used to design a novel crossover operator in order to preserve the dominant genes with a higher probability. Moreover, with the guidance of MI for removing loops from the structures, infeasible solutions can be handled in a straightforward and practical way. The proposed MIGA is evaluated on eleven well-known benchmark datasets and compared with four GA-based methods and four other state-of-the-art BNSL algorithms. Experimental results show that MIGA outperforms the compared algorithms in convergence and learning accuracy.

Heuristic algorithms have been developed to find approximate solutions for high-utility itemset mining (HUIM) problems that compensate for the performance bottlenecks of exact algorithms. However, heuristic algorithms still face the problem of long runtime and insufficient mining quality, especially for large transaction datasets with thousands to tens of thousands of items and up to millions of transactions. To solve these problems, a novel GPU-based efficient parallel heuristic algorithm for HUIM (PHA-HUIM) is proposed in this paper. The iterative process of PHA-HUIM consists of three main steps: the search strategy, fitness evaluation, and ring topology communication. The search strategy and ring topology communication are designed to run in constant time on GPU. The parallelism of fitness evolution helps to substantially accelerate the algorithm. A new data structure with a sort-mapping strategy is proposed to enhance the search ability and reduce memory usage. To improve the mining quality, a multi-start strategy with an unbalanced allocation strategy is employed in the search process. Ring topology communication is adopted to maintain population diversity. A load balancing strategy is introduced to reduce the thread divergence to improve the parallel efficiency. The experimental results on nine large datasets show that PHA-HUIM outperforms state-of-the-art HUIM algorithms in terms of speedup performance, runtime, and mining quality.

Most studies on pattern mining have considered only one pattern, such as frequent pattern or high-utility pattern, which is difficult to meet the increasingly diverse needs of users. In this paper, a novel multi-objective problem model for high quality pattern mining (HQPM) is proposed, where the objectives are support, occupancy, and utility. In order to solve the proposed three-objective problem efficiently, an improved multi-objective evolutionary algorithm for HQPM (MOEA-PM) is proposed with two kinds of population initialization strategies and an auxiliary tool. Experimental results on real-world datasets show that the proposed three-objective problem model with the MOEA-PM algorithm can discover patterns that are both frequently occurring and has a high utility in the transaction datasets, while at the same time being relatively complete. The proposed algorithm outperforms the state-of-the-art in terms of efficiency, quality, and convergence speed.

Bayesian network structure learning (BNSL) from data is an NP-hard problem. Genetic algorithms are powerful for solving combinatorial optimization problems, but the lack of effective guidance results in slow convergence and low accuracy regarding BNSL. To address this problem, we propose a mutual information (MI) guided genetic algorithm (MIGA) for BNSL in this paper, which uses MI to effectively search BN structures. In the initialization phase of MIGA, the population is generated by adding additional constraints based on MI to reach a higher score without losing diversity. By employing normalized MI and defining the population support, the potential dominance in the population can be identified and then used to design a novel crossover operator in order to preserve the dominant genes with a higher probability. Moreover, with the guidance of MI for removing loops from the structures, infeasible solutions can be handled in a straightforward and practical way. The proposed MIGA is evaluated on eleven well-known benchmark datasets and compared with four GA-based methods and four other state-of-the-art BNSL algorithms. Experimental results show that MIGA outperforms the compared algorithms in convergence and learning accuracy.

Pattern mining (PM) refers to the process of discovering patterns of interest to users from data. However, most studies have considered only one pattern, such as frequent pattern or high-utility pattern. With the continuous requirement of businesses in various industries, the single-objective PM methods are difficult to meet the increasingly diverse needs of users. In this paper, a multi-objective problem model for high quality pattern mining (HQPM) is proposed, where the objectives are support, occupancy, and utility. In order to solve the proposed three-objective problem efficiently, an improved multi-objective evolutionary algorithm for HQPM (MOEA-PM) is proposed. Two kinds of population initialization strategies are designed, which is used to ensure the population is effectively distributed in the feasible solution space. By taking the properties of the model into consideration, an auxiliary tool is proposed to accelerate the convergence of the algorithm. Experimental results on real-world datasets show that the proposed three-objective problem model with the MOEA-PM algorithm can discover patterns that are both frequently occurring and has a high utility in the transaction datasets, while at the same time being relatively complete. Compared with the state-of-the-art MOEA-based HQPM algorithms, MOEA-PM has better performance in terms of efficiency, quality, and convergence speed.