The development of high-quality datasets is crucial for benchmarking and advancing research in Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents. Despite their importance, existing datasets are often constructed under idealized conditions, overlooking the diverse anomalies frequently encountered in real-world deployments. To address this limitation, we introduce GUI-Robust, a novel dataset designed for comprehensive GUI agent evaluation, explicitly incorporating seven common types of anomalies observed in everyday GUI interactions. Furthermore, we propose a semi-automated dataset construction paradigm that collects user action sequences from natural interactions via RPA tools and then generate corresponding step and task descriptions for these actions with the assistance of MLLMs. This paradigm significantly reduces annotation time cost by a factor of over 19 times. Finally, we assess state-of-the-art GUI agents using the GUI-Robust dataset, revealing their substantial performance degradation in abnormal scenarios. We anticipate that our work will highlight the importance of robustness in GUI agents and inspires more future research in this direction. The dataset and code are available at https://github.com/chessbean1/GUI-Robust.

Human mobility prediction is crucial for applications ranging from location-based recommendations to urban planning, which aims to forecast users' next location visits based on historical trajectories. While existing mobility prediction models excel at capturing sequential patterns through diverse architectures for different scenarios, they are hindered by the long-tailed distribution of location visits, leading to biased predictions and limited applicability. This highlights the need for a solution that enhances the long-tailed prediction capabilities of these models with broad compatibility and efficiency across diverse architectures. To address this need, we propose the first architecture-agnostic plugin for long-tailed human mobility prediction, named \textbf{A}daptive \textbf{LO}cation \textbf{H}ier\textbf{A}rchy learning (ALOHA). Inspired by Maslow's theory of human motivation, we exploit and explore common mobility knowledge of head and tail locations derived from human mobility trajectories to effectively mitigate long-tailed bias. Specifically, we introduce an automatic pipeline to construct city-tailored location hierarchies based on Large Language Models (LLMs) and Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompts, capturing high-level mobility semantics with minimal human verification. We further design an Adaptive Hierarchical Loss (AHL) that rebalances learning through Gumbel disturbance and node-wise adaptive weighting, enabling both exploitation of multi-level signals and exploration within semantically related groups. Extensive experiments across multiple state-of-the-art models demonstrate that ALOHA consistently improves long-tailed mobility prediction performance by up to 16.59\% while maintaining efficiency and robustness. Our code is at https://github.com/Star607/ALOHA.

Dynamic Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) combine temporal information with GNNs to capture structural, temporal, and contextual relationships in dynamic graphs simultaneously, leading to enhanced performance in various applications. As the demand for dynamic GNNs continues to grow, numerous models and frameworks have emerged to cater to different application needs. There is a pressing need for a comprehensive survey that evaluates the performance, strengths, and limitations of various approaches in this domain. This paper aims to fill this gap by offering a thorough comparative analysis and experimental evaluation of dynamic GNNs. It covers 91 dynamic GNN models with a novel taxonomy, 17 dynamic GNN training frameworks, and commonly used benchmarks. We also evaluate the experimental results of ten representative dynamic GNN models and five frameworks on six datasets. Evaluation metrics focus on convergence accuracy, training efficiency, and GPU memory usage, enabling a thorough performance comparison across various models and frameworks. From the analysis and evaluation results, we identify key challenges and offer principles for future research to enhance the design of models and frameworks in the dynamic GNNs field. Our code is made publicly available athttps://github.com/fengwudi/DGNN_model_and_data

In this paper, we present a novel transformer architecture tailored for learning robust power system state representations, which strives to optimize power dispatch for the power flow adjustment across different transmission sections. Specifically, our proposed approach, named Powerformer, develops a dedicated section-adaptive attention mechanism, separating itself from the self-attention employed in conventional transformers. This mechanism effectively integrates power system states with transmission section information, which facilitates the development of robust state representations. Furthermore, by considering the graph topology of power system and the electrical attributes of bus nodes, we introduce two customized strategies to further enhance the expressiveness: graph neural network propagation and multi-factor attention mechanism. Extensive evaluations are conducted on three power system scenarios, including the IEEE 118-bus system, a realistic China 300-bus system, and a large-scale European system with 9241 buses, where Powerformer demonstrates its superior performance over several popular baseline methods. The code is available at: https://github.com/Cra2yDavid/Powerformer

Graph condensation has emerged as an intriguing technique to save the expensive training costs of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) by substituting a condensed small graph with the original graph. Despite the promising results achieved, previous methods usually employ an entangled paradigm of redundant parameters (nodes, edges, GNNs), which incurs complex joint optimization during condensation. This paradigm has considerably impeded the scalability of graph condensation, making it challenging to condense extremely large-scale graphs and generate high-fidelity condensed graphs. Therefore, we propose to disentangle the condensation process into a two-stage GNN-free paradigm, independently condensing nodes and generating edges while eliminating the need to optimize GNNs at the same time. The node condensation module avoids the complexity of GNNs by focusing on node feature alignment with anchors of the original graph, while the edge translation module constructs the edges of the condensed nodes by transferring the original structure knowledge with neighborhood anchors. This simple yet effective approach achieves at least 10 times faster than state-of-the-art methods with comparable accuracy on medium-scale graphs. Moreover, the proposed DisCo can successfully scale up to the Ogbn-papers100M graph containing over 100 million nodes with flexible reduction rates and improves performance on the second-largest Ogbn-products dataset by over 5%. Extensive downstream tasks and ablation study on five common datasets further demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed DisCo framework. Our code is available at https://github.com/BangHonor/DisCo.

Memory-based temporal graph neural network (MTGNN) models are effective for predicting temporal graphs by using node memory and message-passing modules to capture temporal and structural information, respectively. However, distributed training for large graphs presents challenges such as accuracy loss and decreased efficiency due to remote features and memory transmission. Despite improvements in MTGNN system optimizations, issues like dynamic load imbalances, communication overhead, and memory staleness persist. To tackle these challenges, we introduce MemShare, a distributed MTGNN system. MemShare introduces a novel shared node memory paradigm that utilizes a small subset of shared nodes across machines and GPUs to reduce distributed communication for memory management. It incorporates techniques like shared nodes-centric graph partitioning, shared nodes-aware boundary decay sampling, and shared nodes-targeted synchronous smoothing aggregation. Experiments show that MemShare outperforms existing distributed MTGNN systems in accuracy and training efficiency.

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are effective models for analyzing graph-structured data, but encounter challenges when training on large distributed graphs. Existing GNN training frameworks use sampling parallelism and historical embedding methods to support distributed training and enhance efficiency. However, these methods suffer from issues like stale historical embeddings, imbalanced communication messages, and redundant storage and computation costs. In this paper, we present Emma, a distributed GNN training framework that incorporates source node centric chunking for frequent updates of embeddings and balanced communication, as well as a moving message aggregation technique to boost training efficiency and reduce storage costs. Experimental results show that Emma significantly enhances training efficiency by reducing computation and communication overhead, leading to a notable speedup while maintaining convergence accuracy compared to state-of-the-art distributed GNN training methods.

Temporal Knowledge Graph (TKG) extrapolation aims to predict future missing facts based on historical information, which has exhibited both semantics and topology of events. The mainstream methods have advanced the prediction performance by exploring the potential of topology representations of TKGs based on dedicated temporal Graph Neural Networks (GNNs). Until recently, few Language Models (LM) based methods have attempted to model the semantic representations of TKGs, however, lacking specific designs for the topology information. Therefore, we propose a Semantic TOpology REpresentation learning (STORE) framework enhanced by LMs to bridge the gap between the semantics and topology of TKGs. Firstly, we tackle the challenge of long historical facts modeling by a time-aware sampling based on semantic priors to extract concise yet precise facts. Secondly, we handle the challenge of the interaction between topology and semantics by transforming graph representations into virtual tokens that are then integrated with generated prompts and fed into LMs. Finally, multi-head attention is adopted to obtain better semantic topology representations, thereby achieving joint optimization of both temporal GNNs and LMs. Extensive experiments on five datasets show that our STORE outperforms state-of-the-art GNNs- and LM-based methods.

Given the ubiquity of Uncertain Graphs (UGs), the field of UG mining has garnered increasing attention. Among various mining tasks, query processing stands out as the most fundamental and crucial. Current methods for query answering on UGs primarily rely on Monte-Carlo sampling and heuristic approaches. However, these techniques either struggle with a significant efficiency-accuracy trade-off or lack generalization over different graphs and queries. To circumvent these limitations, this work proposes a novel index-based method for query answering on UGs. We construct a labeling index framework, which can answer queries by pre-computed and stored operators. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first index frame-work that can deal with reliability, expected reliable distance and distance-constrained reliability queries, providing lower or upper bounded query answer results. By transferring the time consuming sampling process into the offline index operator computation, the query answering only needs to traverse a limited number of operators, which accelerates the response time of query answering with several orders of magnitude. We further utilize the vertex cover and its h-hop extension to prune the index structure, thereby reducing the space complexity. Experimental results on five real-world datasets demonstrate that the proposed index framework is both effective and efficient.

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have emerged as a prominent framework for graph mining, leading to significant advances across various domains. Stemmed from the node-wise representations of GNNs, existing explanation studies have embraced the subgraph-specific viewpoint that attributes the decision results to the salient features and local structures of nodes. However, graph-level tasks necessitate long-range dependencies and global interactions for advanced GNNs, deviating significantly from subgraph-specific explanations. To bridge this gap, this paper proposes a novel intrinsically interpretable scheme for graph classification, termed as Global Interactive Pattern (GIP) learning, which introduces learnable global interactive patterns to explicitly interpret decisions. GIP first tackles the complexity of interpretation by clustering numerous nodes using a constrained graph clustering module. Then, it matches the coarsened global interactive instance with a batch of self-interpretable graph prototypes, thereby facilitating a transparent graph-level reasoning process. Extensive experiments conducted on both synthetic and real-world benchmarks demonstrate that the proposed GIP yields significantly superior interpretability and competitive performance to the state-of-the-art counterparts. Our code will be made publicly available¹.

Active Voltage Control (AVC) on the Power Distribution Networks (PDNs) aims to stabilize the voltage levels to ensure efficient and reliable operation of power systems. With the increasing integration of distributed energy resources, recent efforts have explored employing multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) techniques to realize effective AVC. Existing methods mainly focus on the acquisition of short-term AVC strategies, i.e., only learning AVC within the short-term training trajectories of a singular diurnal cycle. However, due to the dynamic nature of load demands and renewable energy, the operation states of real-world PDNs may exhibit significant distribution shifts across varying timescales (e.g., daily and seasonal changes). This can render those short-term strategies suboptimal or even obsolete when performing continuous AVC over extended periods. In this paper, we propose a novel temporal prototype-aware learning method, abbreviated as TPA, to learn time-adaptive AVC under short-term training trajectories. At the heart of TPA are two complementary components, namely multi-scale dynamic encoder and temporal prototype-aware policy, that can be readily incorporated into various MARL methods. The former component integrates a stacked transformer network to learn underlying temporal dependencies at different timescales of the PDNs, while the latter implements a learnable prototype matching mechanism to construct a dedicated AVC policy that can dynamically adapt to the evolving operation states. Experimental results on the AVC benchmark with different PDN sizes demonstrate that the proposed TPA surpasses the state-of-the-art counterparts not only in terms of control performance but also by offering model transferability. Our code is available at https://github.com/Canyizl/TPA-for-AVC.

Human trajectory data produced by daily mobile devices has proven its usefulness in various substantial fields such as urban planning and epidemic prevention. In terms of the individual privacy concern, human trajectory simulation has attracted increasing attention from researchers, targeting at offering numerous realistic mobility data for downstream tasks. Nevertheless, the prevalent issue of data scarcity undoubtedly degrades the reliability of existing deep learning models. In this paper, we are motivated to explore the intriguing problem of mobility transfer across cities, grasping the universal patterns of human trajectories to augment the powerful Transformer with external mobility data. There are two crucial challenges arising in the knowledge transfer across cities: 1) how to transfer the Transformer to adapt for domain heterogeneity; 2) how to calibrate the Transformer to adapt for subtly different long-tail frequency distributions of locations. To address these challenges, we have tailored a Cross-city mObiLity trAnsformer (COLA) with a dedicated model-agnostic transfer framework by effectively transferring cross-city knowledge for human trajectory simulation. Firstly, COLA divides the Transformer into the private modules for city-specific characteristics and the shared modules for city-universal mobility patterns. Secondly, COLA leverages a lightweight yet effective post-hoc adjustment strategy for trajectory simulation, without disturbing the complex bi-level optimization of model-agnostic knowledge transfer. Extensive experiments of COLA compared to state-of-the-art single-city baselines and our implemented cross-city baselines have demonstrated its superiority and effectiveness. The code is available at https://github.com/Star607/Cross-city-Mobility-Transformer.

Human mobility patterns have shown significant applications in policy-decision scenarios and economic behavior researches. The human mobility simulation task aims to generate human mobility trajectories given a small set of trajectory data, which have aroused much concern due to the scarcity and sparsity of human mobility data. Existing methods mostly rely on the static relationships of locations, while largely neglect the dynamic spatiotemporal effects of locations. On the one hand, spatiotemporal correspondences of visit distributions reveal the spatial proximity and the functionality similarity of locations. On the other hand, the varying durations in different locations hinder the iterative generation process of the mobility trajectory. Therefore, we propose a novel framework to model the dynamic spatiotemporal effects of locations, namelySpatioTemporal-Augmented gRaph neural networks (STAR). The STAR framework designs various spatiotemporal graphs to capture the spatiotemporal correspondences and builds a novel dwell branch to simulate the varying durations in locations, which is finally optimized in an adversarial manner. The comprehensive experiments over four real datasets for the human mobility simulation have verified the superiority of STAR tostate-of-the-artmethods. Our code is available athttps://github.com/Star607/STAR-TKDE.

Anomaly detection of time series is vital in various scenarios with explosively growing time series data. However, the non-stationary time series degrade the performance of current anomaly detection methods, where data drift causes unpredictable changes. This paper proposes a Drift-aware Anomaly Detection (DAD) method for detecting anomalies in non-stationary time series. DAD adopts a self-attention mechanism to learn an embedding, distinguishing the anomaly embeddings from the normal embeddings. Next, the KL divergence calculates the drift deviation between two data segments at adjacent periods. Then, the drift deviation module combined with the latent vector which is used to reconstruct the original vector. During the encoding stage of the time series, the latent code is modeled using different Gaussian mixture distributions and the data reconstruction error at each time tick is regarded as an anomaly metric. Furthermore, we propose a new metric to measure the degree of drift deviation for a dataset used for a fair experiment comparison. Experimental results on several public datasets and a newly collected sensor dataset demonstrate that for the non-stationary time series anomaly detection task, DAD outperforms state-of-the-art anomaly detection models up to 11.5% on the F1score.

Graph Neural Networks~(GNNs) have emerged as a powerful category of learning architecture for handling graph-structured data. However, existing GNNs typically ignore crucial structural characteristics in node-induced subgraphs, which thus limits their expressiveness for various downstream tasks. In this paper, we strive to strengthen the representative capabilities of GNNs by devising a dedicated plug-and-play normalization scheme, termed as SUbgraph-sPEcific FactoR Embedded Normalization (SuperNorm), that explicitly considers the intra-connection information within each node-induced subgraph. To this end, we embed the subgraph-specific factor at the beginning and the end of the standard BatchNorm, as well as incorporate graph instance-specific statistics for improved distinguishable capabilities. In the meantime, we provide theoretical analysis to support that, with the elaborated SuperNorm, an arbitrary GNN is at least as powerful as the 1-WL test in distinguishing non-isomorphism graphs. Furthermore, the proposed SuperNorm scheme is also demonstrated to alleviate the over-smoothing phenomenon. Experimental results related to predictions of graph, node, and link properties on the eight popular datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The code is available at https://github.com/chenchkx/SuperNorm.

Graph-level representation learning is the pivotal step for downstream tasks that operate on the whole graph. The most common approach to this problem is graph pooling, where node features are typically averaged or summed to obtain the graph representations. However, pooling operations like averaging or summing inevitably cause severe information missing, which may severely downgrade the final performance. In this paper, we argue what is crucial to graph-level downstream tasks includes not only the topological structure but also thedistributionfrom which nodes are sampled. Therefore, powered by existing Graph Neural Networks (GNN), we propose a new plug-and-play pooling module, termed asDistribution Knowledge Embedding(DKEPool), where graphs are viewed as distributions on top of GNNs and the pooling goal is to summarize the entire distribution information instead of retaining a certain feature vector by simple predefined pooling operations. A DKEPool networkde factodisassembles representation learning into two stages,structure learninganddistribution learning. Structure learning follows a recursive neighborhood aggregation scheme to update node features where structure information is obtained. Distribution learning, on the other hand, omits node interconnections and focuses more on the distribution depicted by all the nodes. Extensive experiments on graph classification tasks demonstrate that the proposed DKEPool significantly and consistently outperforms the state-of-the-art methods. The code is avaliable athttps://github.com/chenchkx/dkepool

Graph disentangling is a new promising direction that can help us to discover the latent patterns in the data and understand the behaviors of a graph learning model. Despite the many efforts in disentangling representation learning, few works focus on disentangling the latent factors behind a graph. Most current foci are mainly on studying node-level semantics in the graphs. Compared with node-level, the structure-level view can provide a new interpretable and in-depth insight into graph data. The study of structure-level relations enables us to reveal the high-order structural semantics in the data. To explore the complex high-order structural semantics in the data, we propose the High-order Structural Semantic Disentangled Neural Network (HSDN) to model the graph structure units and disentangle structural semantics. It's the first attempt to hypergraph disentangled networks. Unlike prior methods that disentangle factor graphs based on pair-wise relations only, we introduce hyperedges on pair-wise graphs to model structure units and disentangle the complex high-order structural semantics between different structures. Extensive experiments demonstrate that HSDN achieves state-of-the-art performances in terms of both disentangling and downstream tasks.

Temporal graphs exhibit dynamic interactions between nodes over continuous time, whose topologies evolve with time elapsing. The whole temporal neighborhood of nodes reveals the varying preferences of nodes. However, previous works usually generate dynamic representation with limited neighbors for simplicity, which results in both inferior performance and high latency of online inference. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a novel method of temporal graph convolution with the whole neighborhood, namely Temporal Aggregation and Propagation Graph Neural Networks (TAP-GNN). Specifically, we first analyze the computational complexity of the dynamic representation problem by unfolding the temporal graph in a message-passing paradigm. The expensive complexity motivates us to design the AP (aggregation and propagation) block, which significantly reduces the repeated computation of historical neighbors. The final TAP-GNN supports online inference in the graph stream scenario, which incorporates the temporal information into node embeddings with a temporal activation function and a projection layer besides several AP blocks. Experimental results on various real-life temporal networks show that our proposed TAP-GNN outperforms existing temporal graph methods by a large margin in terms of both predictive performance and online inference latency.

Recently, the learning-based models are shown to outperform the conventional methods for many database tasks such as cardinality estimation, join order selection and performance tuning. However, most existing learning-based methods adopt the one-hot encoding for SQL query representation, unable to catch complicated semantic context, e.g. structure of query, database schema definition and distribution variance of columns. To address such above problem, we propose a novel pre-trained SQL representation model, called PreQR, which extends the language representation approach to SQL queries. We propose an automaton to encode the query structures, and apply a graph neural network to encode database schema information conditioned on the query. A new SQL encoder is then established by adopting the attention mechanism to support on-the-fly query-aware schema linking. Experimental results on real datasets show that replacing the one-hot encoding with our query representation can significantly improve the performances of existing learning-based models on several database tasks.

Heterogeneous graph embedding aims at learning low-dimensional representations from a graph featuring nodes and edges of diverse natures, and meanwhile preserving the underlying topology. Existing approaches along this line have largely relied onmeta-paths, which are by nature hand-crafted and pre-defined transition rules, so as to explore the semantics of a graph. Despite the promising results, defining meta-paths requires domain knowledge, and thus when the test distribution deviates from the priors, such methods are prone to errors. In this paper, we propose a self-learning scheme for heterogeneous graph embedding, termed as self-guided walk (SILK), that bypasses meta-paths and learns adaptive attentions for node walking. SILK assumes no prior knowledge or annotation is provided, and conducts a customized random walk to encode the contexts of the heterogeneous graph of interest. Specifically, this is achieved via maintaining a dynamically-updatedguidance matrixthat records the node-conditioned transition potentials. Experimental results on four real-world datasets demonstrate that SILK significantly outperforms state-of-the-art methods.

Lip reading aims at decoding texts from the movement of a speaker's mouth. In recent years, lip reading methods have made great progress for English, at both word-level and sentence-level. Unlike English, however, Chinese Mandarin is a tone-based language and relies on pitches to distinguish lexical or grammatical meaning, which significantly increases the ambiguity for the lip reading task. In this paper, we propose a Cascade Sequence-to-Sequence Model for Chinese Mandarin (CSSMCM) lip reading, which explicitly models tones when predicting sentence. Tones are modeled based on visual information and syntactic structure, and are used to predict sentence along with visual information and syntactic structure. In order to evaluate CSSMCM, a dataset called CMLR (Chinese Mandarin Lip Reading) is collected and released, consisting of over 100,000 natural sentences from China Network Television website. When trained on CMLR dataset, the proposed CSSMCM surpasses the performance of state-of-the-art lip reading frameworks, which confirms the effectiveness of explicit modeling of tones for Chinese Mandarin lip reading.

Intelligent fashion outfit composition becomes more and more popular in these years. Some deep learning based approaches reveal competitive composition recently. However, the uninterpretable characteristic makes such deep learning based approach cannot meet the designers, businesses and consumers' urge to comprehend the importance of different attributes in an outfit composition. To realize interpretable and customized multi-item fashion outfit compositions, we propose a partitioned embedding network to learn interpretable embeddings from clothing items. The network consists of two vital components: attribute partition module and partition adversarial module. In the attribute partition module, multiple attribute labels are adopted to ensure that different parts of the overall embedding correspond to different attributes. In the partition adversarial module, adversarial operations are adopted to achieve the independence of different parts. With the interpretable and partitioned embedding, we then construct an outfit composition graph and an attribute matching map. Extensive experiments demonstrate that 1) the partitioned embedding have unmingled parts which corresponding to different attributes and 2) outfits recommended by our model are more desirable in comparison with the existing methods.

Chart classification is the foundation of chart analysis and document understanding. In this paper, we propose a novel framework to classify charts by combining convolutional networks and deep belief networks. In the framework, we firstly extract deep hidden features of charts, which are taken from the fully-connected layer of deep convolutional networks. We then utilize deep belief networks to predict the labels of the charts based on their deep hidden features. The convolutional networks are initialized using a large number of natural images and fine-tuned using the chart images to prevent overfitting. Compared with previous methods using primitive feature extraction, the deep features give our framework better scalability and stability. We collect a 5-class chart dataset with more than 5000 images and show that the proposed framework outperforms existing methods greatly.

People often take photographs at tourist sites and these pictures usually have two main elements: a person in the foreground and scenery in the background. This type of “souvenir photo” is one of the most common photos clicked by tourists. Although algorithms that aid a user-photographer in taking a well-composed picture of a scene exist [Ni et al. 2013], few studies have addressed the issue of properly positioning human subjects in photographs. In photography, the common guidelines of composing portrait images exist. However, these rules usually do not consider the background scene. Therefore, in this article, we investigate human-scenery positional relationships and construct a photographic assistance system to optimize the position of human subjects in a given background scene, thereby assisting the user in capturing high-quality souvenir photos. We collect thousands of well-composed portrait photographs to learn human-scenery aesthetic composition rules. In addition, we define a set of negative rules to exclude undesirable compositions. Recommendation results are achieved by combining the first learned positive rule with our proposed negative rules. We implement the proposed system on an Android platform in a smartphone. The system demonstrates its efficacy by producing well-composed souvenir photos.

The notion of a rough set was originally proposed by Pawlak underwent a number of extensions and generalizations. Dubois and Prade (1990) introduced fuzzy rough sets which involve the use of rough sets and fuzzy sets within a single framework. Radzikowska and Kerre (2002) proposed a broad family of fuzzy rough sets, referred to as ( t)-fuzzy rough sets which are determined by some implication operator (implicator), and a certain t-norm. In order to describe the linguistically represented concepts coming from data available in some information system, the concept of fuzzy rough sets are redefined and further studied in the setting of the Axiomatic Fuzzy Set (AFS) theory. Compared with the ( t)-fuzzy rough sets, the advantages of AFS fuzzy rough sets are twofold. They can be directly applied to data analysis present in any information system without resorting to the details concerning the choice of the implication, t-norm and a similarity relation S. Furthermore such rough approximations of fuzzy concepts come with a well-defined semantics and therefore offer a sound interpretation. Some examples are included to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed construct. It is shown that the AFS fuzzy rough sets provide a far higher flexibility and effectiveness in comparison with rough sets and some of their generalizations.