Cyberloafing is a prevalent phenomenon in organisations that may cause serious problems. In previous studies, cyberloafing has been studied as planned and intentional behaviour. Interestingly, we have observed that cyberloafing frequently happens when employees use smartphones to assist with work tasks, but they may not necessarily intend to engage in this activity. We distinguish between active and passive cyberloafing and focus on studying the latter. Based on dual-systems theory, we introduce the construct of mindfulness in the exploration of the antecedences and internal mechanism of passive cyberloafing. We conducted a research survey with employees who use smartphones to assist with work tasks and collected 474 valid questionnaires to examine our research model. The results showed that dual systems are associated with cyberloafing by influencing mind-wandering, and mindfulness significantly decreased mind-wandering when using a smartphone. This study analyses cyberloafing from an innovative neuroscience perspective and contributes to the literature by proposing a new classification of cyberloafing behaviour, reveals the internal mechanism of how dual systems impact an individual’s behaviour, and introduces mindfulness as an antecedent factor of dual systems.

The adoption of social networks introduced a new set of components to the e-commerce environment, which are called social commerce components (SCCs) (e.g., forums and communities, rating and reviews and social recommendations). Although various SCCs have transformed customer behaviors and decision patterns, few studies have investigated their roles together in enhancing customers' decision quality. In this study, based on the social learning theory, the authors develop a research model to explore how customers learn from the SCCs to influence their uncertainty in shopping experience, and thus improve their decision quality. The results from 243 actual customers of social commerce site in China suggest that demand uncertainty is one of the most important factors that reduces decision quality, whereas product quality uncertainty has a significant positive influence on decision quality, and seller quality uncertainty has no influence on decision quality. Also, learning from forums and communities, learning from rating and reviews and learning from social recommendations play different roles on forming customers' uncertainty. In addition, product type can moderate most of the above associations. In summary, these findings increase one's understanding of the customers' decision pattern in social commerce context and extend the scope of social learning theory and uncertainty theory. The findings also provide insights for social commerce practitioners in developing strategies for improved implementation of social commerce as well as the design of social commerce sites.

This study examines the effects of social capital in the context of e-business and investigates how each of the three dimensions of social capital (structural, relational and cognitive) differentially influences a firm's substantive and symbolic performance. The study explores how structural capital and cognitive capital indirectly affect firm performance through relational capital. The research model is generally supported by data collected from a survey of 205 firms in China. The results suggest that structural and relational capital positively influence substantive and symbolic performance, respectively. However, cognitive capital does not have significant effects on substantive performance, though it positively affects symbolic performance. Also, the study found that structural capital and relational capital have stronger effects on substantive performance than symbolic performance. In contrast, cognitive capital has stronger effects on symbolic performance than substantive performance. Further, both structural capital and cognitive capital positively affect relational capital.