Body Worn Camera (BWC) is an Information Technology (IT) artefact that has begun to be used in law enforcement. In this paper, we develop a research model that focuses on law enforcement agents’ perspective about the ethical use of BWC, by extending rational choice theory (RCT) from the standpoint of cost/benefit of using BWC, contextual factors, as well as organisational justice. The paper tests the relationship between three factors: a) work motivation, b) cost of using BWC, and c) benefit of using BWC and police perceptions of ethical use of BWC. In addition, we test the moderating effects of work-related uncertainty on the above three relationships. The associations between organisational justice factors and work motivation are also discussed. Further, in collaboration with the National White Collar Crime Center (NW3C), we develop three grey BWC scenarios that are not clearly ethical nor clearly unethical. We apply a survey methodology to test the model in the context of grey scenarios. The results show that work motivation and the risk of using BWC are negatively related with the law enforcement agents’ perceptions about ethical use of BWC and these relationships are negatively moderated by work-related uncertainty, while justice constructs are positively associated with perceived work motivation.

Rooted in theories of competitiveness and social comparison, we model the effects of users’ structural and trait competitiveness on their engagement and performance growth in an informal learning environment. We hypothesise that game elements of points and leaderboards stimulate users’ structural competitiveness, which affects users’ engagement and has an inverted-U effect on performance growth. We further hypothesise that these effects are stronger among individuals with higher trait competitiveness. We tested our hypotheses using data from a natural experiment conducted over 300 days on 88,310 unique users who made 215,920 game interactions within the Cyber Detectives exhibit at the Tech Interactive museum in California. Our results are based on two objective measures of trait-competitiveness as both behaviour and outcome (percentile ranking on total time spent and number of badges earned, respectively), multiple objective measures of user engagement (time spent per attempt, number of reattempts, and daily user attempts), and an objective measure of performance growth (points). Results provide overall support to our hypotheses. We contribute to the gamification literature by providing strong causal evidence of points and leaderboards triggering structural and trait competitiveness, which interact to affect both engagement and performance growth in informal learning contexts.

During humanitarian crises, there is a need for a large amount of information in a short period of time. Such need creates the base for misinformation such as rumors, fake news or hoaxes to spread within and outside the affected community. This results in (mis)information harms that can generate serious short term or long-term consequences. In such situations, there is a need for a joint human-machine effort to mitigate such harms. Computational scientists have created misinformation detection systems and algorithms, while social scientists have examined the roles of involved parties, examined the way misinformation spreads and convinces people. However, there has been no work, to our knowledge, in examining situations when the machine and human interact with each other in the context of misinformation. In order to systematically examine the harms from misinformation, we draw on Activity Theory to suggest a suitable framework. Such a framework enables interactions among the human and machines and their respective loops for the purpose of mitigation of misinformation harms

Trust is considered as a critical enabler in reducing consumer concerns regarding e-commerce transactions. Another enabler that helps reduce consumers’ concerns is Web Assurance Seal Services (WASS). We suggest that both factors help in the reduction of a critical hindrance to e-commerce, namely consumer concerns, and foster e-commerce transactions. Prior research has focused on trust in e-commerce, and separately, on the effectiveness of WASS within certain nations or cultures. However, given that e-commerce is now a global phenomenon we contend that the national or cultural characteristics of consumers are important to understand. This comparative national research attempts to fill this gap. This study makes the following contributions: It identifies a hindrance (i.e., consumers’ concerns), and two enablers (i.e., effectiveness of WASS and trust) in e-commerce technologies as a shopping channel (i.e., trust in e-Channel). It proposes consumers’ concerns for e-commerce as a second-order three-dimensional construct (i.e., security, privacy, and business integrity concern) and compares the effects of trust in e-Channel and WASS on consumers’ e-commerce transaction intention in two different national/cultural contexts (i.e., the U.S.A. and South Korea). The results of the study indicate that the perceived effectiveness of WASS of the U.S. consumers has a strong positive impact on their transaction intention and has a strong negative influence on their concerns for e-commerce. In contrast, Korean consumers’ perceived effectiveness of WASS does not significantly influence their transaction intention and their concerns for e-commerce. The results of group comparison analysis confirm that the strength of perceived effectiveness of WASS of the U.S. consumers is significantly stronger than that of Korean consumers. Interpretations from a cross-national perspective, theoretical and practical implications as well as limitations are discussed.

Enterprises establish computer security policies to ensure the security of information resources; however, if employees and end-users of organisational information systems (IS) are not keen or are unwilling to follow security policies, then these efforts are in vain. Our study is informed by the literature on IS adoption, protection-motivation theory, deterrence theory, and organisational behaviour, and is motivated by the fundamental premise that the adoption of information security practices and policies is affected by organisational, environmental, and behavioural factors. We develop an Integrated Protection Motivation and Deterrence model of security policy compliance under the umbrella of Taylor-Todd's Decomposed Theory of Planned Behaviour. Furthermore, we evaluate the effect of organisational commitment on employee security compliance intentions. Finally, we empirically test the theoretical model with a data set representing the survey responses of 312 employees from 78 organisations. Our results suggest that (a) threat perceptions about the severity of breaches and response perceptions of response efficacy, self-efficacy, and response costs are likely to affect policy attitudes; (b) organisational commitment and social influence have a significant impact on compliance intentions; and (c) resource availability is a significant factor in enhancing self-efficacy, which in turn, is a significant predictor of policy compliance intentions. We find that employees in our sample underestimate the probability of security breaches.