AI art tools based on interactive evolutionary computation provide a form of creative collaboration between the user and machine. While some see the involvement of the user in the process as indication of the failure to truly develop computational creativity, another perspective would view it as an instance of a distributed system leveraging the strength of both the human and the computer. ImageSpace was developed to explore this dynamic further, providing an embodied interface based on spatial layout to make the communication more fluid. This paper discusses the way information is exchanged through interaction with the space, and how it can improve the experience of creating artwork with the system.

Large high-resolution displays (LHRD) enable visualization of extremely large-scale data sets with high resolution, large physical size, scalable rendering performance, advanced interaction methods, and collaboration. Despite the advantages, applications for LHRD can be developed only by a select group of researchers and programmers, since its software implementation requires design and development paradigms different from typical desktop environments. It is critical for developers to understand and take advantage of appropriate software tools and methods for developing their LHRD applications. In this paper, we present a survey of the state-of-the-art software frameworks and applications for cluster-based LHRD, highlighting a three-aspect taxonomy. This survey can aid LHRD application and framework developers in choosing more suitable development techniques and software environments for new LHRD applications, and guide LHRD researchers to open needs in LHRD software frameworks.

Spatial organization has been proposed as a compelling approach to externalizing the sensemaking process. However, there are two ways in which space can be provided to the user: by creating a physical workspace that the user can interact with directly, such as can be provided by a large, high-resolution display, or through the use of a virtual workspace that the user navigates using virtual navigation techniques such as zoom and pan. In this study we explicitly examined the use of spatial sensemaking techniques within these two environments. The results demonstrate that these two approaches to providing sensemaking space are not equivalent, and that the greater embodiment afforded by the physical workspace changes how the space is perceived and used, leading to increased externalization of the sensemaking process.

Large, high-resolution displays have enormous potential to aid in scenarios beyond their current usage. Their current usages are primarily limited to presentations, visualization demonstrations, or conducting experiments. In this paper, we present a new usage for such systems: an everyday workspace. We discuss how seemingly small large-display design decisions can have significant impacts on users' perceptions of these workspaces, and thus the usage of the space. We describe the effects that various physical configurations have on the overall usability and perception of the display. We present conclusions on how to broaden the usage scenarios of large, high-resolution displays to enable frequent and effective usage as everyday workspaces while still allowing transformation to collaborative or presentation spaces.

Cyber analytics focuses on increasing the safety and soundness of our digital infrastructure. The volume, size and velocity of these datasets make the analysis challenging on current work environments and tools. A cyber analytics work environment should enable multiple, simultaneous investigations and information foraging, as well as provide a solution space for organizing data. As such, various workflow visualization tools are used to help users track their analysis, reuse effective workflows, and test hypotheses. Also, the use of large display workspaces can provide new opportunities for improving visual analytics in cyber security. In this work, we present a prototype workspace for analysts where the analytic process is maintained in the workspace. Thus, we are able to present analysts with visual states of their data throughout the investigation, in which real-time changes can be made to any previous state, and analysts can backtrack through their investigation.

Space supports human cognitive abilities in a myriad of ways. The note attached to the side of the monitor, the papers spread out on the desk, diagrams scrawled on a whiteboard, and even the keys left out on the counter are all examples of using space to recall, reveal relationships, and think. Technological advances have made it possible to construct large display environments in which space has real meaning. This paper examines how increased space affects the way displays are regarded and used within the context of the cognitively demanding task of sensemaking. A pair of studies were conducted demonstrating how the spatial environment supports sensemaking by becoming part of the distributed cognitive process, providing both external memory and a semantic layer.

As display technology continues to improve, there will be an increasing diversity in the available display form factors and scales. Empirical evaluation of how display attributes affect user perceptions and performance can help designers understand the strengths and weaknesses of different display forms, provide guidance for effectively designing multiple display environments, and offer initial evidence for developing theories of ubiquitous display. Although previous research has shown user performance benefits when tiling multiple monitors to increase the number of pixels, little research has analyzed the performance and behavioral impacts of the form factors of much larger, high-resolution displays. This article presents two experiments in which user performance was evaluated on a high-resolution (96 DPI), high pixel-count (approximately 32 million pixels) display for single-user scenarios in both flat and curved forms. We show that for geospatial visual analytics tasks there is a benefit to larger displays, and a distinct advantage to curving the display to make all portions of the display more accessible to the user. In addition, we found that changing the form factor of the display does have an impact on user perceptions that will have to be considered as new display environments are developed.