The promise of workflow solutions for coordinating organizational processes is currently being obscured by strong criticism of the rigidity of their work representations.This rigidity arises in part from viewing work processes as unfolding along a single line of temporally chained activities.In reality, work evolves both horizontally, in the cooperation of causally unrelated, but information-sharing tasks, and vertically, in the coordination of causally-dependent activities.In this paper, we present our process modeling approach which (1) views documents and tasks as duals of each other, capturing horizontal cooperation and (2) exploits constraints to express the SOP dependencies among related activities and documents within the framework of generative rule-based grammars for processes.thus handling vertical coordination.

Paper video storyboards are still in use by even very experienced video producers with access to the most advanced video editing software. An analysis of the characteristics of paper and on-line editing provide an overlapping but distinct set of benefits (and problems). Paper provides the user with the ability to lay out various temporal sequences over a large spatial area and the ability to quickly sketch, annotate and rearrange the relevant video clips. On-line editing provides users with the ability to generate and store a variety of video arrangements. Video Mosaic provides users with the ability to combine the best of both worlds: elements of a paper video storyboard are used as input to an on-line video editing system to take advantage of the best aspects of each. We developed a Unix and a Macintosh version of Video Mosaic. This paper describes the design of Video Mosaic, compares alternative approaches to creating this type of application, and suggests directions for future work.