The technical advantages of measuring complex impulse responses rather than the in-phase component of broadcast teletext channels and the extraction of channel information from real impulse response measurements and its limitations are described. A number of illustrative examples are provided. It is concluded, after discussion, that measurements of channel complex impulse responses are necessary, in spite of extra cost, so that suitably flexible and general computer simulation design and performance studies of broadcast teletext systems can be made.>

To accurately predict the performance of broadcast teletext systems, one must know the characteristics of typical over-the-air broadcast television channels. Consequently, ensembles of typical complex impulse responses of broadcast teletext channels in the VHF and UHF frequency ranges are required for computer performance simulations. To circumvent the lack of comprehensive measured channel data, a theoretical multipath propagation model for suburban and urban environments was developed to gain insight into the nature of typical television multipath channels. In this model, both the direct and scatter paths consist of a line-of-sight and ground-reflected component. The basis of the propagation model is an expression for the ratio of the scattered path to direct path field strength caused by vertically oriented dielectric slabs of specified thickness, height, and width. The reflector location, orientation, width, height, and thickness are randomized for each Monte Carlo simulation cycle. A scatter table of relative amplitude versus multipath delay is maintained for subsequent analysis and formation of typical multipath channel impulse responses. A perceived desired-to-undesired ratio (PDUR), which is essentially a signal-to-clutter ratio, is computed to eliminate channels of unacceptable video quality, as these would be of no interest to the teletext application. A modification to account for near-field scattering is described. Finally, mobile channel applications are discussed.

An isomorphism is derived between a typical bandpass broadcast television system to be used in transmitting teletext data and its complex baseband equivalent representation for use in analysis and computer simulations. The distortions introduced by a multipath channel are discussed. The complex noise process is modeled by a mixture of Gaussian and impulsive noise, and the parameters of the noise model are derived. The video signal-to-noise ratio SNRTVis related to other parameters such as the input noise variance, output noise power, and the carrier-to-noise density ratio. A complete simulation model for broadcast television transmission and reception is shown in block diagram form. The remaining components of the computer simulation model are briefly discussed and references given. These include topics such as amplitude control, computer generation of ensembles of complex impulse responses, simulation of synchronous, quasi-synchronous and envelope detectors, bit slicers, bit synchronizers, error-correcting codes, estimation of error statistics and bit error rates, and adaptive equalization. Validation is also briefly noted with references. Several examples of simulation results are given. Some of the implementation details, simulation results, and a flow diagram of the simulation program are provided. This teletext computer simulation model appears to be the most complete one created to this time and has been used extensively in performance analyses to evaluate new designs and gain insights into design improvements.

Many of the practical problems encountered in time delay estimation for the source location application have received little attention in the literature. These include phase mismatches between spatially separated receivers, the need for estimates of the quality of the time delay estimates, and the development of computationally efficient algorithms capable of fine time resolution. This paper describes methods and techniques that address these needs and presents experimental and simulation results that confirm their reliability.