A demonstration 3D channel prediction model was used in example scenarios in hilly terrain and undulating rural terrain. The model is comprised of a 2D vertical Tx-Rx-plane component as well as 3D components due to off-axis scattering. The latter components are found using rough surface scattering estimation. In the implementation a novel high performance scattering model called the amplitude/phase model was used. It was shown than when the vertical plane 2D prediction was attenuated more than typically 15 dB compared to free space a 3D channel model is necessary. This value was exceeded in approximately 40% of the coverage area in the hilly terrain, and in about 15% of the area in undulating rural. This leads to the conclusion that in a hilly terrain traditional 2D models are not sufficient. When the 3D components were dominating the distribution was approximately Rayleigh, with a typical difference between the 5 and 95 percentiles in the distribution of more than 15 dB. Weather and seasonal variation may change the mean received signal level by up to 4-5 dB. An erroneous assumption about the permittivity or surface roughness by a factor of two could change the mean of the received radio signal by up to 10 dB.

Time-limited orthogonal (TLO) multicarrier modulation (MCM) schemes with waveform shaping are investigated. The waveform shaped scheme with no frame overlap is spectrally inefficient. An improved scheme is proposed and it is shown that this scheme allows a certain amount of overlap between adjacent frames without destroying the orthogonality, the scheme is therefore spectrally efficient. The improved TLO MCM scheme can be regarded as a time domain dual form of Chang's band-limited orthogonal MCM (1966).>