This study investigates the impact of two immersive debriefing strategies on learning outcomes in a virtual reality (VR) simulation focused on mobile cybersecurity. The simulation highlights everyday mistakes to raise awareness of risky behaviors in public settings. We developed and evaluated an immersive debriefing system that enables participants to review their performance and re-engage with the scenario through a redo phase. This redo was implemented in two formats: a full scenario redo (F-REDO) and a segmented redo targeting specific moments (S-REDO). We found that both redo formats were equally effective in learning outcomes and user satisfaction, using a mixed-methods approach combining standardized questionnaires (motivation, cognitive load, usability, knowledge retention) and qualitative trainer feedback. However, S-REDO demonstrated greater time efficiency without increasing cognitive load and was perceived by the trainer as more engaging and pedagogically relevant. These results support the integration of personalized, interactive debriefing tools in VR learning environments, particularly in domains requiring targeted remediation and critical decision-making. Abstract Abstract

Typing with a keyboard is a common task in content production in the workplace. For simulation purposes in VR environments, it is important for users to perform this task accurately, with minimal performance loss, and without distraction. One common approach is using mid-air typing on virtual keyboards. However, this method presents challenges, particularly due to the lack of haptic feedback and spatial awareness. Various solutions have been suggested in the literature to address these challenges, but several design factors that influence performance, behavior, and user experience still need to be explored. This paper investigates the effects of two types of visual feedback (hover and keypress) and three passive haptic feedback conditions (physical keyboard, physical surface, and a mid-air virtual keyboard with no haptic feedback) and the possible interactions between these factors on typing using the two index fingers in VR. Results show that keypress visual feedback enhanced typing speed and reduced workload, while hover feedback lowered error rates but negatively impacted typing speed. Additionally, using a physical keyboard to provide passive haptic feedback increased the error rate. This increase in the error rate could be attributed to inaccuracies in finger and keyboard tracking, which may have caused a misalignment between the physical and virtual environments. Regarding eye gaze behavior, participants spent more time looking at the keyboard with the keypress visual feedback and when no haptic feedback was provided. Finally, participants rated the physical keyboard as the least usable option.

Health care delivery in military conflict, in peacekeeping missions or in the aftermath of disaster, implies high stress environments with danger exposures, life-threatening events and high levels of work demand. Crisis and emergency risk communication remains a real challenge. The rapid response of emergency medical teams has an important role to play in preventing serious adverse events. During critical events, medical errors can be related to human or system factors, including ineffective team leadership, non-standardized team communication, a lack of global situation awareness, poor use of resources and inappropriate triage and prioritization. The VICTEAMS project aims at building a virtual environment for training rescue team leaders to non-technical skills. Depending on the leader abilities, the virtual characters playing the subordinates (e.g. nurses) reproduce a variety of behaviors like erroneous actions, followership attitudes or stress-based behaviors. A pedagogical director tailors the difficulty according to the dynamic profile of the learner.