Graphene is a 2-D atomic layer of carbon atoms with unique electronic transport properties such as a high Fermi velocity, an outstanding carrier mobility, and a high carrier saturation velocity, which make graphene an excellent candidate for advanced applications in future electronics. In particular, the potential of graphene in high-speed analog electronics is currently being extensively explored. In this paper, we discuss briefly the basic electronic structure and transport properties of graphene, its large scale synthesis, the role of metal-graphene contact, field-effect transistor (FET) device fabrication (including the issues of gate insulators), and then focus on the electrical characteristics and promise of high-frequency graphene transistors with record-high cutoff frequencies, maximum oscillation frequencies, and voltage gain. Finally, we briefly discuss the first graphene integrated circuits (ICs) in the form of mixers and voltage amplifiers.

Graphene is a monolayer of carbon atoms arranged in a honey-comb lattice: atomically thin, light, flexible, mechanically strong, visually transparent, electrically tunable, and highly conductive if doped. Graphene also interacts with light strongly from the microwave range to the ultraviolet, spanning wavelengths of at least five orders of magnitude. Such strong light-graphene interaction, together with its exceptional electronic and mechanical properties, makes graphene a promising candidate for various photonic applications. The early part of this paper addresses the physics of light-graphene interaction under a single-electron approximation, followed by a discussion of light excitation of collective oscillations of the carriers, i.e., plasmons in graphene. A variety of photonic devices operating in different wavelength ranges based on the two different light-graphene interaction mechanisms discussed above, such as photodetectors, optical modulators, electromagnetic wave shieldings, notch filters, and linear polarizers are then covered. Finally, we discuss the future directions for graphene photonics research.

We evaluate the potential of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as the basis for a new nanoelectronic technology. After briefly reviewing the electronic structure and transport properties of CNTs, we discuss the fabrication of CNT field-effect transistors (CNTFETs) formed from individual single-walled nanotubes (SWCNTs), SWCNT bundles, or multiwalled (MW) CNTs. The performance characteristics of the CNTFETs are discussed and compared to those of corresponding silicon devices. We show that CNTFETs are very competitive with state-of-the-art conventional devices. We also discuss the switching mechanism of CNTFETs and show that it involves the modulation by the gate field of Schottky barriers at the metal-CNT junctions. This switching mechanism can account for the observed subthreshold and vertical scaling behavior of CNTFETs, as well as their sensitivity to atmospheric oxygen. The potential for integration of CNT devices is demonstrated by fabricating a logic gate along a single nanotube molecule. Finally, we discuss our efforts to grow CNTs locally and selectively, and a method is presented for growing oriented SWCNTs without the involvement of a metal catalyst.

In this paper, we present recent advances in the understanding of the properties of semiconducting single wall carbon nanotube and in the exploration of their use as field-effect transistors (FETs). Both electrons and holes can be injected in a nanotube transistor by either controlling the metal-nanotube Schottky barriers present at the contacts or simply by doping the bulk of the nanotube. These methods give complementary nanotube FETs that can be integrated together to make inter- and intra-nanotube logic circuits. The device performance and their general characteristics suggest that they can compete with silicon MOSFETs. While this is true when considering simple prototype devices, several issues remain to be explored before a nanotube-based technology is possible. They are also discussed.