Summary: We describe multiple methods for accessing and querying the complex and integrated cellular data in the BioCyc family of databases: access through multiple file formats, access through Application Program Interfaces (APIs) for LISP, Perl and Java, and SQL access through the BioWarehouse relational database. Availability: The Pathway Tools software and 20 BioCyc DBs in Tiers 1 and 2 are freely available to academic users; fees apply to some types of commercial use. For download instructions see http://BioCyc.org/download.shtml Supplementary information: For more details on programmatic access to BioCyc DBs, see http://bioinformatics.ai.sri.com/ptools/ptools-resources.html Contact: [email protected]

Thegeobucketdata structure is a suitable intermediate representation of polynomials for performing large numbers of polynomial additions in the face of interspersed lead-term extractions. A sum involvingNterms has worst-case running timeO(N log N), matching or surpassing the performance of lists and binomial heaps. This makes the geobucket a good choice for performing reductions in Gröbner basis computations.