MOTIVATION: Genome-scale phenotypic data are available for many model organisms, yet existing tools to functionally interpret gene sets from these phenotypic data are largely based on mutagenesis-derived phenotypes observed in mouse or human. RESULTS: Data from both mutagenesis and knockdown experiments are incorporated into modPhEA to allow users to perform enrichment analyses based on phenotypes observed in budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), roundworm (Caenorhabditis elegans), fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster), zebrafish (Danio rerio), mouse (Mus musculus) and humans (Homo sapiens). The phenotypes analysed can be customized to investigate complex traits and gene sets from any fully sequenced animal or fungal genome are also supported by modPhEA. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: Freely available on the web at http://evol.nhri.org.tw/modPhEA/. CONTACT: [email protected]. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

Abstract Summary: DroPhEA is a core module of a web application that facilitates research in insect functional genomics through enrichment analysis on mutant phenotypes of fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster). The phenotypes investigated in the analyses can be predefined by FlyBase or customized by users. DroPhEA allows users to specify mutation or ortholog types, displays enriched term results in a hierarchical structure and supports analyses on gene sets of all insect species with a fully sequenced genome. Availability: http://evol.nhri.org.tw/phenome/DroPhEA/ Contact: [email protected] Supplementary Information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

Abstract Summary: MamPhEA is a web application dedicated to understanding functional properties of mammalian gene sets based on mouse-mutant phenotypes. It allows users to conduct enrichment analysis on predefined or user-defined phenotypes, gives users the option to specify phenotypes derived from null mutations, produces easily comprehensible results and supports analyses on genes of all mammalian species with a fully sequenced genome. Availability: http://evol.nhri.org.tw/MamPhEA/ Contact: [email protected] Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

Abstract Motivation: Synteny mapping, or detecting regions that are orthologous between two genomes, is a key step in studies of comparative genomics. For completely sequenced genomes, this is increasingly accomplished by whole-genome sequence alignment. However, such methods are computationally expensive, especially for large genomes, and require rather complicated post-processing procedures to filter out non-orthologous sequence matches. Results: We have developed a novel method that does not require sequence alignment for synteny mapping of two large genomes, such as the human and mouse. In this method, the occurrence spectra of genome-wide unique 16mer sequences present in both the human and mouse genome are used to directly detect orthologous genomic segments. Being sequence alignment-free, the method is very fast and able to map the two mammalian genomes in one day of computing time on a single Pentium IV personal computer. The resulting human–mouse synteny map was shown to be in excellent agreement with those produced by the Mouse Genome Sequencing Consortium (MGSC) and by the Ensembl team; furthermore, the syntenic relationship of segments found only by our method was supported by BLASTZ sequence alignment. Availability: The source code of our method and the resulting human–mouse synteny maps have been placed at http://synteny.ibms.sinica.edu.tw/ for free access. Supplementary information: Seven supplementary figures can be found at the same website.