Achieving the benefits of high-capacity of optical networks and the mobility feature of wireless networks leads to integrate EPON and WiMAX for a promising broadband access solution. To efficiently put both benefits together, we propose an integration architecture of EPON-WiMAX based upon a Distributed Antenna (DA) environment, where collaborative Base Stations (BSs) concurrently transmit same wireless downlink signals (specifically for multicast and broadcast services (MBSs)) to Mobile Stations (MSs) in overlapped cell coverage areas. It helps enlarge the region of the available network coverage area by increasing Signal to Interference and Noise Ratio (SINR) in overlapped cell coverage areas through cooperation between Optical Line Terminal (OLT) and Optical Network Unit (ONU)- BS. We also present an cost-efficient cell planning to optimally control the size of overlapped cell coverage areas for the proposed DA-based integration architecture with a case study under a required region of the available network coverage area in consideration of the number of ONU-BSs and the distance between ONU-BSs. Performance evaluation results show that the proposed DA-based integration architecture enhances cost efficiency compared to the Traditional Antenna (TA) (non-DA)-based integration architecture with a similar level of spectral efficiency of MSs.

Hybrid WDM/TDM-passive optical network (PON) is a modified architecture of the WDM-PON based on gain- saturated reflective semiconductor amplifier (RSOA). In this system, the number of splitting ratios should be limited to four due to remodulation scheme for uplink signals within gain- saturated regime of RSOA. To address this problem, we propose a novel frame format, which doubles splitting ratios by applying shared-time division duplex (TDD) scheme. Moreover, adaptive time window control scheme is designed to find an optimal TDD boundary according to the amount of traffic in each link. Comparing fixed-boundary algorithm, simulation results show that the proposed scheme effectively controls the bandwidth, and thus improves total queueing delay and throughput. In spite of some bandwidth loss when applying this scheme, therefore, it makes no performance degradation to the existing system in asymmetric traffic while increasing the number of capable subscribers.