As we begin to address the global problems of learning, we note that there are many different languages and cultures in the world. If learning material is to be usable with many students in the world, we need to be concerned with the cultural and language differences among students. We need global materials that meet individual cultural needs. This paper discusses the Irvine-Geneva development strategy and how it supports, and can be made to support further, development of global materials.

Goals and challenges in higher education have been changing. There are more interests in employment-oriented majors such as computer science and bio-technology. More employers want their employees to go back to school to refresh their knowledge in fast changing fields. With these changes, our students are becoming more aware of the importance of developing specific skills and knowledge that employers require. I expect these changes to continue well into the future. This position paper discusses how computer aided instruction (CAI) systems with "high-quality" interactions centered around a reasoning tool will help us meet the changing goals of higher education.

This paper presents an expectation-based Japanese-to-English translation system called JETR which relies on the forward expectation-refinement process to handle ungrammatical sentences in an elegant and efficient manner without relying on the presence of particles and verbs in the source text. JETR uses a chain of result states to perform context analysis for resolving pronoun and object references and filling ellipses. Unlike other knowledge-based systems, JETR attempts to achieve semantic, pragmatic, structural and lexical invariance.