The 2D transfer function based on scalar value and gradient magnitude (SG-TF) is popularly used in volume rendering. However, it is plagued by the boundary-overlapping problem: different structures with similar attributes have the same region in SG-TF space, and their boundaries are usually connected. The SG-TF thus often fails in separating these structures (or their boundaries) and has limited ability to classify different objects in real-world 3D images. To overcome such a difficulty, we propose a novel method for boundary separation by integrating spatial connectivity computation of the boundaries and set operations on boundary voxels into the SG-TF. Specifically, spatial positions of boundaries and their regions in the SG-TF space are computed, from which boundaries can be well separated and volume rendered in different colors. In the method, the boundaries are divided into three classes and different boundary-separation techniques are applied to them, respectively. The complex task of separating various boundaries in 3D images is then simplified by breaking it into several small separation problems. The method shows good object classification ability in real-world 3D images while avoiding the complexity of high-dimensional transfer functions. Its effectiveness and validation is demonstrated by many experimental results to visualize boundaries of different structures in complex real-world 3D images.

In high-speed railway communication system, due to its intrinsic features, on-going services are more prone to drop than in common communication systems. Therefore, existing admission control (AC) schemes designed for common communication systems cannot be directly used, otherwise the service dropping probability (SDP) requirement cannot be guaranteed. In this paper, a cross-layer AC scheme is designed to improve system SDP performance in high-speed railway communication system. Firstly, we clearly classify the main potential origins of service dropping into two types: modulation and coding scheme (MCS) changed service dropping and handoff service dropping. And then corresponding adaptive resource reservation algorithms are proposed to improve SDP performance, where the influence of MCS change and the unique characteristics of high-speed railway communication are taken into account. Simulation results show that compared with traditional cutoff AC scheme, the proposed AC scheme can effectively improve SDP performance while maintaining fairly desirable performance of service blocking probability and system bandwidth utilization.