This paper presents a new approach to designing an indoor Wi-Fi energy harvester with a bridgeless converter that operates at low incident power. The design approach started with the analysis of the incident power available at a point of the harvester with certain harvesting distance, dimension, position, and height from the ground plane. Then, a simple single-plane antenna was proposed. Finally, a bridgeless converter circuit was proposed to boost the voltage at very low input power. The analysis showed typical calculated incident power at the antenna on the pathway of the transmitter is approximately 15μW/m2and in the case of non-line-of-sight, the values dropped down to about 2 μW/m2. The proposed system has been tested in an indoor environment where the measured signal strength is between -60 dBm to -50 dBm; and the output voltage and power at the output of the converter were measured as 3.86 mV and 0.15 nW, respectively, a 100 kΩ resistive load is connected for testing. An additional boost-buffer module was connected to the converter circuit for further voltage boost. It was found that the energy harvester stabilizes after 38 hours of operation and 1.8 V was measured at the output supercapacitor (1000 uF), meaning 1.67 J of energy has been stored for driving external low power devices.

The principals and procedure of long bone surgery are presented and the need for robotic assistance is established. Existing problems include radiation exposure from fluoroscopy, mental strain from reconstructing 3-dimensional images and physical fatigue from overcoming fracture deforming forces. These problems are addressed by a proposed fracture reduction robot which aids in treatment planning and reduction of the fracture. A flexible parallel robot (FleP) with an active force/position controller is designed to perform the operation. A computer-aided planning treatment tool (CAPTT) provides image analysis, path planning and simulation. An advanced human machine interface (AHMI) attempts to provide a companion feeling between robot and surgeon by using human forms of communication. The result is a reduction in radiation exposure, removal of the need to reconstruct images mentally and there is no longer any physical strain