This paper presents the pattern recognition approach to machine translation of chinese to english.

Pattern recognition studies have been traditionally concerned with concrete patterns such as two-dimensional images or graphics and three-dimensional objects. Little attention has been paid to abstract patterns such as design concepts and mathematical arguments. This paper attempts to address the abstract pattern recognition problem. The author presents an approach to automatic recognition of design concepts. Entities and relations are proposed for the description of design concepts. Computer algorithms are developed to capture the concepts in the design. The method of relaxation recognition is introduced to complete the recognition of abstract patterns.>

The design of an automated inspection system for electronic components on a printed circuit board is presented. The inspection system employs several unique methodologies. They are (1) a normal vector equalization method for separating probable highlights and obtaining two forms of image information, i.e. Lambertian images and specular images, (2) a dual-channel processing strategy for maximizing the utilization of the information concealed in those two types of images, and (3) a proximity-measure-based decision-making algorithm for detecting defective components. The system has been tested for several PC boards and experimental results have shown promise.>

The authors present a normal vector equalization method for separating probable highlights and obtaining surface orientations of 3-D specular objects. Based on the simplified Torrance-Sparrow model of specular reflection and the empirical Lambertian reflection model, this method uses a set of three monochromatic images taken from three different illumination directions, separates probable highlights from those images, and generates a set of three Lambertian (highlight-free) images and a set of three specular (highlight-only) images. Surface orientations are obtained using the Lambertian images by solving an imaging equation for a Lambertian surface. Computer simulations and experiments with real objects have been performed. The theoretical framework for measuring surface parameters which represent optical characteristics of the surface is also discussed.>

The design of a solder joint inspection system which will be used as an integral part of the PCB/AID (automated inspection and diagnosis for PC board manufacturing) system is presented. The inspection system utilizes four frames of solder joint images, extracts 15 features from the images to categorize the most important seven classes of solder joint defects, and provides two forms of inspection results according to their applications (touch-up of defects and fault diagnosis for online process control). The system has been tested for several PC boards provided by electronics firms, and experimental results have shown that it has exceptional promise.>

An approach to computer recognition of 3-D objects is presented. The vision system acquires the useful knowledge about the objects by taking their pictures at several stable positions and with various viewing angles. The acquired knowledge is represented by four levels of geographic codes. At each stable position, the object is characterized by a set of geographic code clusters. During the training phase, a knowledge base for geographic encoding representation is created. In the recognition phase, the vision system extracts the geographic codes of unknown objects and performs pattern cluster matching for the identification of the objects.>

A medical knowledge system, Mediks, has been developed for medical diagnostic consultation and clinical decision-making. A diagnostic model and process for multiple-disease diagnoses have been proposed. The system was implemented on a PDP-11/40 computer system. About 530 diseases and 3318 manifestations of internal medicine have been entered in the Mediks Mark-II database for performance testing and evaluation.

A computer software package called NETWRK is presented. This software package consists of a set of program modules for automatic analysis and interpretation of stereological parameters characterizing lung tissue micrographs. The modules are linked using a table-driven control driver. By altering table parameters, different process architectures are effected. The major tasks performed by this software package are optimal threshold determination, total intercept counting, object profile skeleton generation, and determination of primary parameters. This project served as a test study in examining the effects of applying modularity, levels of abstraction, and other software engineering techniques to image processing architecture and software. In particular, the adaptability, modifiability, maintainability, and effiiency of the generated software is examined.

An approach to the organization and design of a computer-based intelligent information system is presented. The system is designed to perform, knowledge transfer, experience documentation, dialonostic consultation and decision making. The essence of our design is the creation of a growing database for on-line up-dating, content retrieval, and interactive telebrowsing. The heart of the database is a category file which is organized in a content-oriented associative tree structure. The design of MEDIKS is discussed and illustrated.

A handwritten character recognition system has been designed by making use of topological feature extraction and multilevel decision making. By properly specifying a set of easily detectable topological features, it is possible to convert automatically the handwritten characters into stylized forms and to classify them into primary classes with similar topological configurations. Final recognition is accomplished by a secondary stage that performs local analysis on the characters in each primary category. The recognition system consists of two stages: global recognition, followed by local recognition. Automatic character stylization results in pattern clustering which simplifies the classification tasks considerably, while allowing a high degree of generality in the acceptable writing format. Simulation of this scheme on a digital computer has shown only 6 percent misrecognition.