Instructors can now work with students to create various textbooks based on crowdsourcing. In particular, as feedback provided by students is essential for determining the quality and direction of classes, instructors should interact with students who are currently participating in classes by exchanging feedback. This paper proposes a block editing model that can reflect student feedback. The block editing model is an interactive e-textbook editing model that is dynamically updated based on the feedback provided by students in real time without modifying the structure of digital textbooks. In particular, in order for even non-developers who do not know web programming languages to be able to produce interactive digital textbooks easily, the authors developed an editor that could help implement them based on Blockly, a visual programming language. This paper enables instructors to improve the direction and quality of classes depending on the learning achievement of students and understanding based on feedback information provided by students and feedback analysis.

Abstract We introduce a multiple‐pass sketch‐based user interface, designed for novice users, which avoids spatial ambiguities and hence allows considerable freedom in creating 3D animations. The user first draws the path along which a character or object is to move. A vertical motion window is then erected along this path, on which the user specifies the character's gestures or the object's vertical movements. A further cross‐motion window can be used to add detail to the movements of the object. Window‐specific camera modules present the user with appropriate views, extending the fluidity of pencil and paper to 3D. A usability study involving 60 users, who were previously unfamiliar with 3D animation tools, demonstrated that the proposed interface is easy to learn and effective in use. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.