Sound field recording aims to capture and preserve the information of the sound field in a specific area. Typically, the recorded sound field is decomposed as a superposition of a set of modes. Spherical harmonic functions are often used as basis functions for the modal decomposition, and they are optimal for directionally unbiased sound field recording, but the sound field recording problems in many practical application scenarios are directionally biased. However, most conventional directionally biased modal decomposition methods are non-optimal or have limited applications for sound field recording. In this paper, an optimal modal decomposition for directionally biased sound field recording is proposed, which minimizes the least-square error of the directionally biased sound field recording. This paper formulates the optimization problem of the modal decomposition with the consideration of the sound wave distribution and the directional importance. After that, the optimization problem is discretized and then solved to obtain the optimal basis functions for modal decomposition. To estimate the modal coefficients by using the spherical microphone array, the corresponding optimal encoding matrix is also derived. Finally, several simulations and experiments are presented to verify the proposed method. The results indicate that the proposed method performs well for directionally biased sound field recording.

Sound field reproduction aims to reconstruct a desired sound field in a listening area by using multiple loudspeakers. To improve sound field reproduction performance, several loudspeaker placement methods have been proposed to select suitable loudspeaker positions. However, most conventional loudspeaker placement methods do not consider the distribution characteristic of the desired sound fields such as the distribution of directions from where the sound wave emanates, making these methods not optimal when the prior knowledge of the distribution characteristic of the desired sound fields is known. In this paper, a weighted loudspeaker placement method is proposed, which considers optimizing the objective function that depends on a set of desired sound fields with different weights. This paper formulates the optimization problem for weighted loudspeaker placement, presenting three alternative discretization methods to obtain a more practical optimization problem, after which the group greedy method is used to solve the optimization problem to find the near-optimal loudspeaker setup. To validate the proposed method, numerical experiments aiming to reconstruct the desired sound wave from a restricted range are conducted. The results indicate that the proposed method performs well in both narrowband and broadband cases, because it can use prior knowledge of the distribution characteristic of the desired sound fields.