Many studies show that self-care technologies can support patients with chronic conditions and their carers in understanding the ill body and increasing control of their condition. However, many of these studies have largely privileged a medical perspective and thus overlooked how patients and carers integrate self-care into their daily lives and mediate their conditions through technology. In this review, we focus on how patients and carers use and experience self-care technology through a Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) lens. We analyse studies of self-care published in key HCI journals and conferences using the Grounded Theory Literature Review (GTLR) method and identify research trends and design tensions. We then draw out opportunities for advancing HCI research in self-care, namely, focusing further on patients' everyday life experience, considering existing collaborations in self-care, and increasing the influence on medical research and practice around self-care technology.

We used Design Probes (DP) as a communication tool supporting designers to learn about users, collecting selfdocumentation data from children and parents about their everyday chronic disease management. DP are also applied as alternative strategies to perform ethnographic study in a domestic environment and to elicit inspirational data for the design of an educational interactive eBook for newly diagnosed children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Eight probe activities were designed for children between the ages of 812 years who have diabetes and their caregivers, which were then distributed to seven families. The main issue discussed in this paper is the adaptation of the DP to the users (children and parents) and the results produced by participants who used them.

This article discusses implications for the design of evaluation studies of self-care technologies and practices with respect to a current shift toward technologically mediated self-care in health care. Through the notion of appropriation of technology, this article shows that as self-care devices migrated into lay patients' lives and their domestic environment, we are confronted with a series of different instances of appropriation where patient empowerment and autonomy take different forms. With a particular focus on self-monitoring devices such as blood-pressure monitors and glucose meters, the article examines a series of illustrative vignettes from an ethnographic study and discusses multiple forms of appropriation of self-care technology and the need to understand its implications on the design of studies for their evaluation. Three conclusive reflections to rethink the role of evaluation study in the current shift toward self-care are addressed: the need to move beyond technological determinism, the need to reflect on whose interests the evaluation serve, and the need to carefully rethink the very goal of evaluation studies in self-care themselves.