Unified Entity Matching under Scarce Supervision via Meta-Rule Induction and Retrieval
Abstract
Entity matching is a fundamental task in a wide range of retrieval and knowledge applications, aiming to identify whether two objects correspond to the same real-world entity across heterogeneous sources. Typical variants include entity resolution (ER), entity linking (EL), and entity alignment (EA). While recent unified matchers have made progress through multi-task training with comprehensive annotations, real-world pipelines often operate under scarce supervision, where labeled data is incomplete and fails to cover the full spectrum of matching scenarios. In this regime, supervised unified models degrade substantially, and deployable compact LLMs remain unreliable: lightweight fine-tuning and in-context learning yield inconsistent behavior and can even exhibit negative effects under scenario shifts. To fill in this gap, we propose øurs, a meta-rule induction and retrieval framework for unified entity matching under scarce supervision. Instead of relying on parametric adaptation, øurs converts limited supervision into explicit natural-language rules, abstracts them into reusable meta-rules via hierarchical clustering, and retrieves the most relevant meta-rules to guide the LLM's inference for each input instance. This design improves robustness by grounding decisions on explicit and reusable evidence, instead of relying solely on implicit adaptation or prompt demonstrations. Extensive experiments show that øurs achieves state-of-the-art performance on unified entity matching under scarce supervision.
Assigned reviewers
| # | Reviewer | Match | Why (closest evidence publications in the taxonomy) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Yuzhong Qu | 64 | 100 Revisiting Embedding-Based Entity Alignment: A Robust and Adaptive Method (2023) Entity Linking and Alignment 100 Summarizing Entity Descriptions for Effective and Efficient Human-centered Entity Linking (2015) Entity Linking and Alignment 100 Automated Comparative Table Generation for Facilitating Human Intervention in Multi-Entity Resolution (2018) Entity Linking and Alignment |
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| 2 | Fu Zhang 0001 | 51 | 100 Probing Relative Interaction and Dynamic Calibration in Multi-modal Entity Alignment (2025) Entity Linking and Alignment 100 Exploring the Impacts of Feature Fusion Strategy in Multi-modal Entity Alignment (2025) Entity Linking and Alignment 100 Breaking the Noise Barrier: LLM-Guided Semantic Filtering and Enhancement for Multi-Modal Entity Alignment (2025) Entity Linking and Alignment |
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| 3 | Jingwei Cheng | 49 | 100 Probing Relative Interaction and Dynamic Calibration in Multi-modal Entity Alignment (2025) Entity Linking and Alignment 100 Exploring the Impacts of Feature Fusion Strategy in Multi-modal Entity Alignment (2025) Entity Linking and Alignment 100 Breaking the Noise Barrier: LLM-Guided Semantic Filtering and Enhancement for Multi-Modal Entity Alignment (2025) Entity Linking and Alignment |
Area chair
| Area chair | Match | |
|---|---|---|
| Chenyan Xiong | 31 |
Area-chair candidates (5)
| Chenyan Xiong assigned | 31 | 15 papers | |
| Xiaoxi Li 0005 | 29 | 15 papers | |
| Kam-Fai Wong | 28 | 6 papers | |
| Hongjin Qian | 28 | 12 papers | |
| Xiaoye Qu | 28 | 15 papers |
Candidates from the panel ranked by match score
| # | Reviewer | Match | Load | Why | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Yuzhong Qu assigned | 64 | 3 | 100 Revisiting Embedding-Based Entity Alignment: A Robust and Adaptive Method (2023) Entity Linking and Alignment 100 Summarizing Entity Descriptions for Effective and Efficient Human-centered Entity Linking (2015) Entity Linking and Alignment |
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| 2 | Fu Zhang 0001 assigned | 51 | 3 | 100 Probing Relative Interaction and Dynamic Calibration in Multi-modal Entity Alignment (2025) Entity Linking and Alignment 100 Exploring the Impacts of Feature Fusion Strategy in Multi-modal Entity Alignment (2025) Entity Linking and Alignment |
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| 3 | Jingwei Cheng assigned | 49 | 3 | 100 Probing Relative Interaction and Dynamic Calibration in Multi-modal Entity Alignment (2025) Entity Linking and Alignment 100 Exploring the Impacts of Feature Fusion Strategy in Multi-modal Entity Alignment (2025) Entity Linking and Alignment |
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| 4 | Wonduk Seo | 48 | 3 | 100 Question-to-Knowledge (Q2K): Multi-Agent Generation of Inspectable Facts for Product Mapping (2025) Entity Linking and Alignment 32 A New Query Expansion Approach for Enhancing Information Retrieval via Agent-Mediated Dialogic Inquiry (2026) Query Reformulation and Expansion |
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| 5 | Xuhui Sui | 45 | 3 | 100 Introducing high correlation and high quality instances for few-shot entity linking (2025) Entity Linking and Alignment 100 Improving Zero-Shot Entity Linking Candidate Generation with Ultra-Fine Entity Type Information (2022) Entity Linking and Alignment |
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| 6 | Qinggang Zhang | 41 | 3 | 100 Entity Alignment with Noisy Annotations from Large Language Models (2024) Entity Linking and Alignment 65 LoSemB: Logic-Guided Semantic Bridging for Inductive Tool Retrieval (2026) Reasoning Evaluation and Benchmarks |
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| 7 | Xiaolong Jin 0001 | 39 | 3 | 47 Stepwise Reasoning for Multi-Relation Question Answering over Knowledge Graph with Weak Supervision (2020) Knowledge Graph Question Answering 47 Hierarchical Query Graph Generation for Complex Question Answering over Knowledge Graph (2020) Knowledge Graph Question Answering |
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| 8 | Wenyu Huang | 38 | 3 | 59 A Large-scale Offer Alignment Model for Partitioning Filtering and Matching Product Offers (2024) Entity Linking and Alignment 36 Prompting large language models with knowledge graphs for question answering involving long-tail facts (2025) KG-Augmented LLM Reasoning |
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| 9 | Xiangyu Ke | 37 | 3 | 100 In-context Clustering-based Entity Resolution with Large Language Models: A Design Space Exploration (2025) Entity Linking and Alignment 100 Select Your Questions Wisely: For Entity Resolution With Crowd Errors (2017) Entity Linking and Alignment |
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| 10 | Ben Liu 0002 | 37 | 3 | 41 Clarified Aggregation and Predictive Modeling (CAPM): High-Interpretability Framework for Inductive Link Prediction (2024) Knowledge Graph Embedding and Completion 41 Neighboring relation enhanced inductive knowledge graph link prediction via meta-learning (2023) Knowledge Graph Embedding and Completion |
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| 11 | Yu Gu 0016 | 37 | 3 | 59 Reviving the Context: Camera Trap Species Classification as Link Prediction on Multimodal Knowledge Graphs (2024) Multimodal and Cross-Modal Retrieval › Others 41 Relevance Search over Schema-Rich Knowledge Graphs (2019) Knowledge Graph Embedding and Completion |
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| 12 | Jiapu Wang | 37 | 3 | 47 Progressive Prefix-Memory Tuning for Complex Logical Query Answering on Knowledge Graphs (2025) Knowledge Graph Question Answering 47 Effective Instruction Parsing Plugin for Complex Logical Query Answering on Knowledge Graphs (2025) Knowledge Graph Question Answering |
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| 13 | Armin Toroghi | 35 | 3 | 47 Bayesian Inference with Complex Knowledge Graph Evidence (2024) Knowledge Graph Question Answering 43 CommonWhy: A Dataset for Evaluating Entity-Based Causal Commonsense Reasoning in Large Language Models (2026) Knowledge Graph Question Answering |
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| 14 | Xinying Qian | 34 | 3 | 41 Contrast then Memorize: Semantic Neighbor Retrieval-Enhanced Inductive Multimodal Knowledge Graph Completion (2024) Knowledge Graph Embedding and Completion 41 Bring Invariant to Variant: A Contrastive Prompt-based Framework for Temporal Knowledge Graph Forecasting (2024) Knowledge Graph Embedding and Completion |
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| 15 | Xingyu Tan 0001 | 34 | 3 | 39 PRoH: Dynamic Planning and Reasoning over Knowledge Hypergraphs for Retrieval-Augmented Generation (2026) Multimodal and Graph RAG 37 HydraRAG: Structured Cross-Source Enhanced Large Language Model Reasoning (2025) KG-Augmented LLM Reasoning |
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| 16 | Tianzhe Zhao | 33 | 3 | 41 SAGE: Scale-Aware Gradual Evolution for Continual Knowledge Graph Embedding (2025) Knowledge Graph Embedding and Completion 41 Rethinking Continual Knowledge Graph Embedding: Benchmarks and Analysis (2025) Knowledge Graph Embedding and Completion |
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| 17 | Farzad Shami | 33 | 3 | 38 Benchmarking Large Language Models for Knowledge Graph Validation (2026) KG-Augmented LLM Reasoning 38 Fact Verification in Knowledge Graphs Using LLMs (2025) KG-Augmented LLM Reasoning |
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| 19 | Jinheon Baek | 31 | 3 | 39 Learning to Extrapolate Knowledge: Transductive Few-shot Out-of-Graph Link Prediction (2020) Knowledge Graph Embedding and Completion 34 UniversalRAG: Retrieval-Augmented Generation over Corpora of Diverse Modalities and Granularities (2026) Multimodal and Graph RAG |
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| 20 | Jing Liu 0022 | 30 | 3 | 68 A Hierarchical Entity-Based Approach to Structuralize User Generated Content in Social Media: A Case of Yahoo! Answers (2013) Domain-Specific and Structured Retrieval 34 REAR: A Relevance-Aware Retrieval-Augmented Framework for Open-Domain Question Answering (2024) Evidence Selection and Context Refinement |
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| 21 | Jing Zhu 0005 | 30 | 3 | 37 Pitfalls in Link Prediction with Graph Neural Networks: Understanding the Impact of Target-link Inclusion & Better Practices (2024) Graph Learning for Text-Attributed and Heterogeneous Networks 37 On the Impact of Feature Heterophily on Link Prediction with Graph Neural Networks (2024) Graph Learning for Text-Attributed and Heterogeneous Networks |
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| 22 | Zihao Yue | 30 | 3 | 31 POLYCHARTQA: Benchmarking Large Vision-Language Models with Multilingual Chart Question Answering (2026) Multimodal Evaluation and Benchmarks 31 Learning Descriptive Image Captioning via Semipermeable Maximum Likelihood Estimation (2023) Multimodal Evaluation and Benchmarks |
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| 23 | Mariano Barone | 29 | 3 | 32 A Multilingual Multimodal Medical Examination Dataset for Visual Question Answering in Healthcare (2025) Retrieval-Augmented and Open-Domain QA 31 AMICO: A Semantic and Multimodal Framework for AI-Assisted Clinical Reporting (2025) Multimodal Evaluation and Benchmarks |
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| 24 | Chen Zhao 0013 | 29 | 3 | 34 RobuT: A Systematic Study of Table QA Robustness Against Human-Annotated Adversarial Perturbations (2023) Multi-hop and Complex Reasoning QA 34 TaPERA: Enhancing Faithfulness and Interpretability in Long-Form Table QA by Content Planning and Execution-based Reasoning (2024) Multi-hop and Complex Reasoning QA |
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| 25 | Weiwei Sun 0001 | 29 | 3 | 34 DukeNet: A Dual Knowledge Interaction Network for Knowledge-Grounded Conversation (2020) Conversational Search and Retrieval 34 Direct Retrieval-augmented Optimization: Synergizing Knowledge Selection and Language Models (2026) Evidence Selection and Context Refinement |
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| 27 | Idan Szpektor | 29 | 3 | 33 On the Robustness of Dialogue History Representation in Conversational Question Answering: A Comprehensive Study and a New Prompt-based Method (2023) Conversational Search and Retrieval 33 SIGIR 2016 Workshop WebQA II: Web Question Answering Beyond Factoids (2016) Retrieval-Augmented and Open-Domain QA |
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| 28 | Negar Arabzadeh | 29 | 3 | 65 LLM-as-a-Judge in Entity Retrieval: Assessing Explicit and Implicit Relevance (2025) Entity Linking and Alignment 30 Can QPP Choose the Right Query variant? Evaluating Query Variant Selection for RAG Pipelines (2026) Evidence Selection and Context Refinement |
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| 30 | Xi Ye 0003 | 28 | 3 | 41 RNG-KBQA: Generation Augmented Iterative Ranking for Knowledge Base Question Answering (2022) Knowledge Graph Question Answering 34 Connecting Attributions and QA Model Behavior on Realistic Counterfactuals (2021) Multi-hop and Complex Reasoning QA |
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| 31 | Kaixin Ma | 28 | 3 | 38 Knowledge-driven Data Construction for Zero-shot Evaluation in Commonsense Question Answering (2021) Retrieval-Augmented and Open-Domain QA 37 Open Domain Question Answering with A Unified Knowledge Interface (2022) Multimodal and Graph RAG |
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| 32 | Haiyang Xu 0001 | 28 | 3 | 31 TinyChart: Efficient Chart Understanding with Program-of-Thoughts Learning and Visual Token Merging (2024) Multimodal Evaluation and Benchmarks 31 L-CLIPScore: A Lightweight Embedding-Based Captioning Metric for Evaluating and Training (2026) Multimodal Evaluation and Benchmarks |
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| 34 | Navve Wasserman | 28 | 3 | 32 DocReRank: Single-Page Hard Negative Query Generation for Training Multi-Modal RAG Rerankers (2025) Universal Multimodal Embedding and MLLM Retrieval 32 REAL-MM-RAG: A Real-World Multi-Modal Retrieval Benchmark (2025) Universal Multimodal Embedding and MLLM Retrieval |