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Purifying Multimodal Retrieval: Fragment-Level Evidence Selection for RAG

sigir26-168 · Full research paper · Xihang Wang, Zihan Wang, Chengkai Huang, Cao Liu, Ke Zeng, Quan Z. Sheng, Lina Yao
Universal Multimodal Embedding and M · 50% Evidence Selection and Context Refin · 25% Multimodal and Graph RAG · 25%
Abstract

Multimodal Retrieval-Augmented Generation (MRAG) is widely adopted for Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) with external evidence to reduce hallucinations. Despite its success, most existing MRAG frameworks treat retrieved evidence as indivisible documents, implicitly assuming that all content within a document is equally informative. In practice, however, sometimes only a small fraction of a document is relevant to a given query, while the remaining content introduces substantial noise that may lead to performance degradation. We address this fundamental limitation by reframing MRAG as a fine-grained evidence selection problem. We propose Fragment-level Evidence Selection for RAG (FES-RAG), a framework that selects atomic multimodal fragments rather than entire documents as grounding evidence. FES-RAG decomposes retrieved multimodal documents into sentence-level textual fragments and region-level visual fragments, enabling precise identification of evidence that directly supports generation. To guide fragment selection, we introduce Fragment Information Gain (FIG), a principled metric that measures the marginal contribution of each fragment to the MLLM's generation confidence. Based on FIG, we distill fragment-level utility judgments from a high-capacity MLLM into a lightweight selector, achieving accurate evidence selection with low inference overhead. Experiments on the M2RAG benchmark show that FES-RAG consistently outperforms state-of-the-art document-level MRAG methods, achieving up to 27% relative improvement in CIDEr. By selecting fewer yet more informative fragments, our approach substantially reduces context length while improving factual accuracy and generation coherence.

Assigned reviewers

#ReviewerMatchWhy (closest evidence publications in the taxonomy)
1 Navve Wasserman
73
100 DocReRank: Single-Page Hard Negative Query Generation for Training Multi-Modal RAG Rerankers (2025) Universal Multimodal Embedding and MLLM Retrieval
100 REAL-MM-RAG: A Real-World Multi-Modal Retrieval Benchmark (2025) Universal Multimodal Embedding and MLLM Retrieval
19 Paint by Inpaint: Learning to Add Image Objects by Removing Them First (2025) Generative Models for Recommendation and Content › Others
2 Liwei Wang 0009
62
66 A Fast and Accurate One-Stage Approach to Visual Grounding (2019) Universal Multimodal Embedding and MLLM Retrieval
66 Improving One-Stage Visual Grounding by Recursive Sub-query Construction (2020) Universal Multimodal Embedding and MLLM Retrieval
66 Improving Image-Sentence Embeddings Using Large Weakly Annotated Photo Collections (2014) Universal Multimodal Embedding and MLLM Retrieval
3 Tingyu Song
46
69 Rethinking Composed Image Retrieval Evaluation: A Fine-Grained Benchmark from Image Editing (2026) Universal Multimodal Embedding and MLLM Retrieval
54 LimRank: Less is More for Reasoning-Intensive Information Reranking (2025) Evidence Selection and Context Refinement
41 VF-Eval: Evaluating Multimodal LLMs for Generating Feedback on AIGC Videos (2025) Video and Temporal Understanding

Area chair

Area chairMatch
Hongjin Qian 45
Area-chair candidates (4)
Xiaoye Qu 4715 papers
Hongjin Qian assigned 4512 papers
Xiaoxi Li 0005 4415 papers
Hao Fei 0001 394 papers

Candidates from the panel ranked by match score

#ReviewerMatchLoadWhy
1 Navve Wasserman assigned 73 3
100 DocReRank: Single-Page Hard Negative Query Generation for Training Multi-Modal RAG Rerankers (2025) Universal Multimodal Embedding and MLLM Retrieval
100 REAL-MM-RAG: A Real-World Multi-Modal Retrieval Benchmark (2025) Universal Multimodal Embedding and MLLM Retrieval
2 Haokun Wen 69 3
67 Personalized Fashion Compatibility Modeling via Metapath-guided Heterogeneous Graph Learning (2022) Universal Multimodal Embedding and MLLM Retrieval
66 FiRE: Enhancing MLLMs with Fine-Grained Context Learning for Complex Image Retrieval (2025) Universal Multimodal Embedding and MLLM Retrieval
3 Liwei Wang 0009 assigned 62 3
66 A Fast and Accurate One-Stage Approach to Visual Grounding (2019) Universal Multimodal Embedding and MLLM Retrieval
66 Improving One-Stage Visual Grounding by Recursive Sub-query Construction (2020) Universal Multimodal Embedding and MLLM Retrieval
4 Jian Lang 56 3
68 REDEEMing Modality Information Loss: Retrieval-Guided Conditional Generation for Severely Modality Missing Learning (2025) Universal Multimodal Embedding and MLLM Retrieval
66 Echoes in the Feed: Evolution-aware Prompt-augmented Micro-video Popularity Prediction (2025) Universal Multimodal Embedding and MLLM Retrieval
5 Minghui Fang 0002 56 3
68 Vela: Scalable Embeddings with Voice Large Language Models for Multimodal Retrieval (2025) Universal Multimodal Embedding and MLLM Retrieval
66 Multimodal Conditional Retrieval with High Controllability (2025) Universal Multimodal Embedding and MLLM Retrieval
6 Xinying Qian 55 3
66 Hyperbolic Multimodal Generative Representation Learning for Generalized Zero-Shot Multimodal Information Extraction (2026) Universal Multimodal Embedding and MLLM Retrieval
66 SMIR: Span-based multi-grained information refinement for joint multimodal entity-relation extraction (2026) Universal Multimodal Embedding and MLLM Retrieval
7 Xuhui Sui 53 3
66 Coarse-to-fine multimodal prototype network for few-shot multimodal relation extraction (2025) Universal Multimodal Embedding and MLLM Retrieval
66 SMIR: Span-based multi-grained information refinement for joint multimodal entity-relation extraction (2026) Universal Multimodal Embedding and MLLM Retrieval
8 Yanzhao Zhang 51 3
68 Bridging Modalities: Improving Universal Multimodal Retrieval by Multimodal Large Language Models (2025) Universal Multimodal Embedding and MLLM Retrieval
68 Breaking the Modality Barrier: Universal Embedding Learning with Multimodal LLMs (2025) Universal Multimodal Embedding and MLLM Retrieval
9 Junjie Zhou 0001 50 3
66 VISTA: Visualized Text Embedding For Universal Multi-Modal Retrieval (2024) Universal Multimodal Embedding and MLLM Retrieval
66 MegaPairs: Massive Data Synthesis for Universal Multimodal Retrieval (2025) Universal Multimodal Embedding and MLLM Retrieval
10 Jinpeng Wang 0002 50 3
68 Imagine with Layout and Sketch: Enhancing Vision-Language Retrieval with Dual-Stream Multi-Modal Query Refinement (2026) Universal Multimodal Embedding and MLLM Retrieval
68 Suit the Remedy to the Retriever: Interpretable Query Optimization with Retriever Preference Alignment for Vision-Language Retrieval (2026) Universal Multimodal Embedding and MLLM Retrieval
11 Di Wu 0054 49 3
87 VisRet: Visualization Improves Knowledge-Intensive Text-to-Image Retrieval (2026) Multimodal and Graph RAG
55 LongMemEval: Benchmarking Chat Assistants on Long-Term Interactive Memory (2025) Conversational Search and Retrieval
12 Linchao Zhu 47 3
69 Attention as Selector: Unlocking VLM Attention for Long Document Page Retrieval (2026) Universal Multimodal Embedding and MLLM Retrieval
66 Knowledge-Enhanced Dual-Stream Zero-Shot Composed Image Retrieval (2024) Universal Multimodal Embedding and MLLM Retrieval
14 Tingyu Song assigned 46 3
69 Rethinking Composed Image Retrieval Evaluation: A Fine-Grained Benchmark from Image Editing (2026) Universal Multimodal Embedding and MLLM Retrieval
54 LimRank: Less is More for Reasoning-Intensive Information Reranking (2025) Evidence Selection and Context Refinement
15 Meiyu Liang 45 3
66 Dynamic Self-adaptive Multiscale Distillation from Pre-trained Multimodal Large Model for Efficient Cross-modal Retrieval (2025) Universal Multimodal Embedding and MLLM Retrieval
66 Knowledge Graph Enhanced Multimodal Transformer for Image-Text Retrieval (2024) Universal Multimodal Embedding and MLLM Retrieval
16 Weipeng Chen 45 3
55 RichRAG: Crafting Rich Responses for Multi-faceted Queries in Retrieval-Augmented Generation (2025) Evidence Selection and Context Refinement
47 HtmlRAG: HTML is Better Than Plain Text for Modeling Retrieved Knowledge in RAG Systems (2025) Evidence Selection and Context Refinement
18 Xingyu Tan 0001 44 3
51 PRoH: Dynamic Planning and Reasoning over Knowledge Hypergraphs for Retrieval-Augmented Generation (2026) Multimodal and Graph RAG
47 HydraRAG: Structured Cross-Source Enhanced Large Language Model Reasoning (2025) KG-Augmented LLM Reasoning
20 Jinheon Baek 44 3
87 UniversalRAG: Retrieval-Augmented Generation over Corpora of Diverse Modalities and Granularities (2026) Multimodal and Graph RAG
55 Knowledge-Augmented Reasoning Distillation for Small Language Models in Knowledge-Intensive Tasks (2023) Retrieval-Augmented and Open-Domain QA
21 Jianfeng Dong 44 3
65 Feature Re-Learning with Data Augmentation for Content-based Video Recommendation (2018) Universal Multimodal Embedding and MLLM Retrieval
64 Exploring Content-based Video Relevance for Video Click-Through Rate Prediction (2019) Universal Multimodal Embedding and MLLM Retrieval
22 Xinyu Ma 0001 COI: co-author 44 3
47 Direct Retrieval-augmented Optimization: Synergizing Knowledge Selection and Language Models (2026) Evidence Selection and Context Refinement
42 Knowledge Graph Retrieval-Augmented Generation for LLM-based Recommendation (2025) LLM-Derived Knowledge Infusion
23 Jing Liu 0022 43 3
48 Reinforced Informativeness Optimization for Long-Form Retrieval-Augmented Generation (2026) Evidence Selection and Context Refinement
47 REAR: A Relevance-Aware Retrieval-Augmented Framework for Open-Domain Question Answering (2024) Evidence Selection and Context Refinement
24 Huiqiang Jiang 43 3
66 Attentive Mask CLIP (2023) Universal Multimodal Embedding and MLLM Retrieval
47 Position Engineering: Boosting Large Language Models through Positional Information Manipulation (2024) Evidence Selection and Context Refinement
25 Sheng-Chieh Lin 43 3
69 Unifying Multimodal Retrieval via Document Screenshot Embedding (2024) Universal Multimodal Embedding and MLLM Retrieval
68 Mm-Embed: Universal Multimodal Retrieval with Multimodal LLMS (2025) Universal Multimodal Embedding and MLLM Retrieval
26 Haiyang Xu 0001 42 3
44 Efficient and Effective In-context Demonstration Selection with Coreset (2026) Multimodal Retrieval and Embedding
44 Vision Language Pre-training by Contrastive Learning with Cross-Modal Similarity Regulation (2023) Multimodal Retrieval and Embedding
27 Weiwei Sun 0001 42 3
47 Direct Retrieval-augmented Optimization: Synergizing Knowledge Selection and Language Models (2026) Evidence Selection and Context Refinement
40 TourRank: Utilizing Large Language Models for Documents Ranking with a Tournament-Inspired Strategy (2025) Reasoning-Intensive Retrieval and Ranking
28 Ruqing Zhang 0001 42 3
55 Boosting Retrieval-Augmented Generation with Generation-Augmented Retrieval: A Co-Training Approach (2025) Generative Retrieval
42 CorpusBrain++: A Continual Generative Pre-Training Framework for Knowledge-Intensive Language Tasks (2026) Generative Retrieval
29 Yujia Zhou 0002 COI: co-author 41 3
55 Grounding Language Model with Chunking-Free In-Context Retrieval (2024) Generative Retrieval
55 CorpusLM: Towards a Unified Language Model on Corpus for Knowledge-Intensive Tasks (2024) Generative Retrieval
30 Zihao Yue 41 3
41 OpenMMEgo: Enhancing Egocentric Understanding for LMMs with Open Weights and Data (2025) Video and Temporal Understanding
41 Movie101v2: Improved Movie Narration Benchmark (2025) Video and Temporal Understanding
31 Venktesh V 41 3
53 The Surprising Effectiveness of Rankers trained on Expanded Queries (2024) Evidence Selection and Context Refinement
52 Reproducing Adaptive Reranking for Reasoning-Intensive IR (2026) Evidence Selection and Context Refinement
32 Jiuqiang Li 0002 41 3
67 Multi-view Semantic Contrastive Alignment for Multimodal Recommendation (2026) Universal Multimodal Embedding and MLLM Retrieval
24 Graph Diffusive Self-Supervised Learning for Social Recommendation (2024) Social and Group Recommendation
33 Kaixin Ma 41 3
56 Open Domain Question Answering with A Unified Knowledge Interface (2022) Multimodal and Graph RAG
56 Dense X Retrieval: What Retrieval Granularity Should We Use? (2024) Evidence Selection and Context Refinement