This research centres on the development of a number of prototype interactive systems, each of which uses a tangible means of representation and manipulation of musical elements in musical composition. Data gathered through collaborative prototyping and user studies is analysed using grounded theory methods. The resultant contribution to knowledge includes theory, design criteria and guidelines specific to tangible representations of music. This knowledge will be useful for future design of systems that use tangible representations, particularly for making music. The prototypes themselves also serve as a form of knowledge and as creative works.

The music table enables the composition of musical patterns by arranging cards on a tabletop. An overhead camera allows the computer to track the movements and positions of the cards and to provide immediate feedback in the form of music and on-screen computer generated images. Musical structure is experienced as a tangible space enriched with physical and visual cues about the music produced.