This work investigates the current research on in-situ visualisations for running: visualisations about data that are referred to during the running activity. We analyse 47 papers from 33 Human-Computer Interaction and Visualisation venues and identify six dimensions of a design space of in-situ running visualisations. Our analysis of this design space highlights an emerging trend: a shift from on-body, peripersonal visualisations (i.e., in the space within direct reach, such as visualisations on a smartwatch or a mobile phone display) towards extrapersonal displays (i.e., in the space beyond immediate reach, such as visualisations in immersive augmented reality displays) that integrate data in the runner's surrounding environment. We explore this opportunity by conducting a series of workshops with 10 active runners in total, eliciting design concepts for running visualisations and interactions beyond conventional 2D displays. We find that runners show a strong interest for visualisation designs that favour more context-aware, interactive, and unobtrusive experiences that seamlessly integrate with their run. These findings inform a set of design considerations for future immersive running visualisations and highlight directions for further research.

Abstract We investigate the use of mixed reality visualisations to help pace tracking for interval running. We introduce three immersive visual designs to support pace tracking. Our designs leverage two properties afforded by mixed reality environments to display information: the space in front of the user and the physical environment to embed pace visualisation. In this paper, we report on the first design exploration and controlled study of mixed reality technology to support pacing tracking during interval running on an outdoor running track. Our results show that mixed reality and immersive visualisation designs for interval training offer a viable option to help runners (a) maintain regular pace, (b) maintain running flow, and (c) reduce mental task load.

This paper presents the design and evaluation of GestureExplorer, an Immersive Analytics tool that supports the interactive exploration, classification and sensemaking with large sets of 3D temporal gesture data. GestureExplorer features 3D skeletal and trajectory visualisations of gestures combined with abstract visualisations of clustered sets of gestures. By leveraging the large immersive space afforded by a Virtual Reality interface our tool allows free navigation and control of viewing perspective for users to gain a better understanding of gestures.