We propose event-based vibrotactile feedback as an effective approach for enhancing bare-hand XR interaction, delivered through commodity smartwatches that users already wear. While controllers and haptic gloves provide rich tactile feedback, they introduce additional hardware that users must carry and wear throughout the day. Importantly, they interpose hardware between the user and the virtual world, occupying the hands, constraining finger motion, and undermining truly unobstructed bare-hand interaction. Our proposed approach delivers short discrete pulses at key manipulation moments such as object contact and state changes, providing tactile confirmation at the wrist without requiring additional hardware or disrupting finger movement. Two user studies with 26 participants demonstrate that this referred feedback significantly enhances user experience at either wrist placement, with 94% finding it helpful and particular benefits during complex tasks like knob rotation where haptic cues reduced visual attention demands. These findings establish design guidelines for integrating accessible haptics into everyday XR through personal devices, supporting broader adoption of natural hand interaction.

We propose a visuo-tactile feedback method that combines virtual hand visualization and fingertip vibrations to modulate affective roughness perception in VR. While prior work has focused on object-based textures and vibrotactile feedback, the role of visual feedback on virtual hands remains underexplored. Our approach introduces affective visual cues including line shape, motion, and color applied to hand outlines, and examines their influence on both affective responses (arousal, valence) and perceived roughness. Results show that sharp contours enhanced perceived roughness, increased arousal, and reduced valence, intensifying the emotional impact of haptic feedback. In contrast, color affected valence only, with red consistently lowering emotional positivity. These effects were especially noticeable at lower haptic intensities, where visual cues extended affective modulation into mid-level perceptual ranges. Overall, the findings highlight how integrating expressive visual cues with tactile feedback can enrich affective rendering and offer flexible emotional tuning in immersive VR interactions.

We introduce “Whirling Interface,” a selection method for XR displays using bare-hand motion matching gestures as an input technique. We extend the motion matching input method, by introducing different input states to provide visual feedback and guidance to the users. Using the wrist joint as the primary input modality, our technique reduces user fatigue and improves performance while selecting small and distant targets. In a study with 16 participants, we compared the whirling interface with a standard ray casting method using hand gestures. The results demonstrate that the Whirling Interface consistently achieves high success rates, especially for distant targets, averaging 95.58% with a completion time of 5.58 seconds. Notably, it requires a smaller camera sensing field of view of only 21.45° horizontally and 24.7° vertically. Participants reported lower workloads on distant conditions and expressed a higher preference for the Whirling Interface in general. These findings suggest that the Whirling Interface could be a useful alternative input method for XR displays with a small camera sensing FOV or when interacting with small targets.