Recent advancements in bionic prosthetic technology offer transformative opportunities to restore mobility and functionality for individuals with missing limbs. Users of bionic limbs, or bionic humans, learn to seamlessly integrate prosthetic extensions into their motor repertoire, regaining critical motor abilities. The remarkable movement generalization and environmental adaptability demonstrated by these individuals highlight motor intelligence capabilities unmatched by current artificial intelligence systems. Addressing these limitations, MyoChallenge '24 at NeurIPS 2024 established a benchmark for human-robot coordination with an emphasis on joint control of both biological and mechanical limbs. The competition featured two distinct tracks: a manipulation task utilizing the myoMPL model, integrating a virtual biological arm and the Modular Prosthetic Limb (MPL) for a passover task; and a locomotion task using the novel myoOSL model, combining a bilateral virtual biological leg with a trans-femoral amputation and the Open Source Leg (OSL) to navigate varied terrains. Marking the third iteration of the MyoChallenge, the event attracted over 50 teams with more than 290 submissions all around the globe, with diverse participants ranging from independent researchers to high school students. The competition facilitated the development of several state-of-the-art control algorithms for bionic musculoskeletal systems, leveraging techniques such as imitation learning, muscle synergy, and model-based reinforcement learning that significantly surpassed our proposed baseline performance by a factor of 10. By providing the open-source simulation framework of MyoSuite, standardized tasks, and physiologically realistic models, MyoChallenge serves as a reproducible testbed and benchmark for bridging ML and biomechanics. The competition website is featured here: https://sites.google.com/view/myosuite/myochallenge/myochallenge-2024.

sEMG pattern recognition algorithms have been explored extensively in decoding movement intent, yet are known to be vulnerable to changing recording conditions, exhibiting significant drops in performance across subjects, and even across sessions. Multi-channel surface EMG, also referred to as high-density sEMG (HD-sEMG) systems, have been used to improve performance with the information collected through the use of additional electrodes. However, a lack of robustness is ever present due to limited datasets and the difficulties in addressing sources of variability, such as electrode placement. In this study, we propose training on a collection of input channel subsets and augmenting our training distribution with data from different electrode locations, simultaneously targeting electrode shift and reducing input dimensionality. Our method increases robustness against electrode shift and results in significantly higher intersession performance across subjects and classification algorithms.

To control wearable robotic systems, it is critical to obtain a prediction of the user's motion intent with high accuracy. Surface electromyography (sEMG) recordings have often been used as inputs for these devices, however bipolar sEMG electrodes are highly sensitive to their location. Positional shifts of electrodes after training gait prediction models can therefore result in severe performance degradation. This study uses high-density sEMG (HD-sEMG) electrodes to simulate various bipolar electrode signals from four leg muscles during steady-state walking. The bipolar signals were ranked based on the consistency of the corresponding sEMG envelope's activity and timing across gait cycles. The locations were then compared by evaluating the performance of an offline temporal convolutional network (TCN) that mapped sEMG signals to knee angles. The results showed that electrode locations with consistent sEMG envelopes resulted in greater prediction accuracy compared to hand-aligned placements (p$< $0.01). However, performance gains through this process were limited, and did not resolve the position shift issue. Instead of training a model for a single location, we showed that randomly sampling bipolar combinations across the HD-sEMG grid during training mitigated this effect. Models trained with this method generalized over all positions, and achieved 70% less prediction error than location specific models over the entire area of the grid. Therefore, the use of HD-sEMG grids to build training datasets could enable the development of models robust to spatial variations, and reduce the impact of muscle-specific electrode placement on accuracy.