The layered multilingual input/output(I/O) sytems we designed, based on typological studies of major-language writing conventions, unifies common features of such conventions to enable international and local utilization. The internationalization layer input module converts keystroke sequences to phonograms and ideograms. The corresponding output module displays position-independent and dependent characters. The localization layer positions language-specific functions outside the structure, integrating them as tables used by finite automaton interpreters and servers to add new languages and code sets without recompilation. The I/O system generates and displays stateful and stateless code sets, enabling interactive language switching. Going beyond POSIX locale model bounds, the system generates ISO 2022, ISO/DIS 10646 (1990), and Compound Text, defined for the interchange encoding format in X11 protocols, for basic polyglot text communication and processing. Able to generate multilingual code sets, the I/O system clearly demonstrates that code sets should be selected by applications which have purposes beyond selecting one element from a localization set. Functionality and functions related to text manipulation in an operating sytem (OS) must also be determined by such applications. A subset of this I/O system was implemented in the X window system as a basic use of X11R5 I/O by supplying basic code set generation and string manipulation to eliminate OS interference. To ensure polyglot string manipulation, the I/O system must clearly be implemented separately from an OS and its limitations.

Article A model for input and output of multilingual text in a windowing environment Share on Authors: Yutaka Kataoka Science and Engineering Research Laboratory, Waseda University, 4-1, Okubo 3-chome, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan Science and Engineering Research Laboratory, Waseda University, 4-1, Okubo 3-chome, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, JapanView Profile , Masato Morisaki NTT Communications and Information Processing Laboratories, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation, 1-2356, Take, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan NTT Communications and Information Processing Laboratories, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation, 1-2356, Take, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, JapanView Profile , Hiroshi Kuribayashi Computer System R&D Laboratory, Omron Corporation, Shimokaiinji, Nagaokakyo, Kyoto, Japan Computer System R&D Laboratory, Omron Corporation, Shimokaiinji, Nagaokakyo, Kyoto, JapanView Profile , Hiroyoshi Ohara Department of Information and Computer Science, School of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 4-1, Okubo 3-chome, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan Department of Information and Computer Science, School of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 4-1, Okubo 3-chome, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, JapanView Profile Authors Info & Claims UIST '91: Proceedings of the 4th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technologyNovember 1991 Pages 175–183https://doi.org/10.1145/120782.120801Online:11 November 1991Publication History 0citation215DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations0Total Downloads215Last 12 Months3Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access

An approximate evaluation is proposed for the individual mean waiting time, and loss probability for mixed delay and loss (nondelay) systems with renewal and Poisson inputs handled by servers with exponential service time. The approximation is based on the GI approximation previously proposed by H. Akimaru, et al. (1983, 1985), in which the mixed input process is regarded as renewal. The systems with mixed delay renewal and nondelay Poisson inputs, and ones with mixed nondelay renewal and delay Poisson inputs are analyzed. Approximate formulas for the mean waiting time and loss probability for the respective inputs are presented in simple closed form, and comparisons to simulations show good accuracy. The formulas are expected to be useful for analysis and optimum design of the mixed delay and loss systems.>