3D hand pose estimation has garnered great attention in recent years due to its critical applications in human-computer interaction, virtual reality, and related fields. Accurate estimation of hand joints is essential for high-quality hand pose estimation. However, existing methods neglect the importance of Distal Phalanx Tip (TIP) and Wrist in predicting hand joints overall and often fail to account for the phenomenon of error accumulation for distal joints in gesture estimation, which can cause certain joints to incur larger errors, resulting in misalignments and artifacts in pose estimation and degrading the overall reconstruction quality. To address this challenge, we propose a novel segmented architecture for enhanced hand pose estimation (EHPE). We perform a local extraction of the TIP and wrist, thus alleviating the effect of error accumulation on the prediction of the TIP and further reduce the predictive errors for all joints on this basis. EHPE consists of two key stages: In the TIP and Wrist Joints Extraction stage (TW-stage), the positions of the TIP and wrist joints are estimated to provide an initial accurate joint configuration; In the Prior Guided Joints Estimation stage (PG-stage), a dual-branch interaction network is employed to refine the positions of the remaining joints. Extensive experiments on two widely used benchmarks demonstrate that EHPE achieves state-of-the-art performance.

By supporting asynchronous transmission and flexible subband (SB) setting, filtered orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (f-OFDM) has been identified as one of the most promising waveforms for future wireless communications, which makes the deep investigation on the f-OFDM an urgent mission. Therefore, this paper investigates the downlink interference of asynchronous f-OFDM systems under different SB configurations. We initially classify the overall interference into two categories, termed as the inner-SB and inter-SB interferences. Subsequently, the closed-form expressions for interference and its variances are derived on the basis of interference structures and are then verified via simulations. Some important influencing factors, such as the timing offset between the user of interest and the interfering user, the width of guard band, as well as the choice of SB filter, are simulated and analyzed. Our simulations and comparisons explicitly reveal the interference characteristic of the f-OFDM systems, which will benefit the design of the f-OFDM systems in the future.

Ultra-wideband (UWB) technology has attracted much attention in high speed indoor wireless communications. UWB communications have transmitted power limitations according to FCC regulation. To face this drawback, while still maintaining significant error correction capabilities, we propose a novel punctured low-density parity-check (LDPC) coding scheme for multiband OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) UWB systems in this paper. Different from the randomly punctured coding, we puncture the variable nodes on their degrees. We fix the target SNR threshold of the punctured code and optimize (maximize) the puncturing fraction for that threshold. From our analysis and numerical results, we find that this new scheme gives a significant performance gain compared with the randomly punctured scheme.